N h K M A D A ( H AT H N 0 RA4 ) 447
the bulging supramastoid crests. Side of cranium is tall
and flat; tilts in very slightly. Coronal section profile
turns up and in at well-marked temporal line; reaches
rounded peak at coronal suture, which lies along a very
pronounced sagittal keel. Seen from above, the long
braincase tapers gently from the supramastoid region
to what appears to have been a moderately shallow
postorbital constriction. Low, band-like temporal line
emerges from high up behind orbit, and arcs gently up
and back before curving strongly downward above
mastoid region. Region of temporal line becomes more
elevated as it proceeds posteriorly.
Preserved portion of R supraorbital region is
strongly arced over orbit and smoothly rolled over its
anterior surface. Torus was tall s/i and probably uni-
formly thick across. Orbital roof moderately concave;
flows roundedly onto anterior surface of supraor-
bital torus. Squamosal was apparently very long but
not very tall. Anterior squamosal flowed imperceptibly
into temporal fossa, which becomes deeper, wider, and
longer inferiorly. Parietal notch vertical; apparently
bears an ossicle.
Posterior root of zygomatic arch takes origin in
front of moderately sized, ovoid, anteriorly tilted audi-
tory meatus. Zygomatic arch itself may have flared lat-
erally moderately. Posterior root of zygomatic arch
flows into a thick, upwardly oriented suprameatal crest
that expands into an enlarged, mound-like supramas-
toid crest. Articular fossa moderately deep but not very
wide m/l; projects laterally from cranium under poste-
rior root of zygomatic arch. Anterior wall of articular
fossa is markedly arcuate anteriorly; slopes forward,
flowing onto sphenotemporal surface. No medial artic-
ular (entoglenoid) tubercle present. Posteriorly, articu-
lar fossa is bounded laterally by a small postglenoid
plate and medially by a very short ectotympanic tube.
Tube and plate form a backwardly facing posterior wall
to fossa. Mastoid region entirely obliterated.
Internally, appears that frontal lobe did not extend
fully over the orbital cone.REFERENCES
Badam, 1989. Observations on the hominid fossil site at
Hathnora, Madhya Pradesh, India. In: A. Sahni and
R. Gaur (eds), Perspectives in Human Evolution. Delhi,
Renaissance Publishing, pp. 153-172.
Berggren, W. et al. 1985. Cenozoic geochronology. Bull.
Geol. Sol. Am. 96: 1407-1418.
de Lumley, H. and A. Sonakia. 1985. Contexte strati-
graphique et archkologique de l’homme de la Narmada,
Hathnora, Madhya Pradesh, India. LlAnthropologie 89:Holloway, R. 2000. Brain. In: E. Delson et al. (eds), Ency-
clopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory. New York,
Garland Publishing, pp. 141-149.
Kennedy, K. et al. 1991. Is the Narmada hominid an Indian
Homo erectus? Am.J Phys. Anthropol. 86: 475-496.3-12.Repository
Geological Survey of India, Calcutta, India.