The Human Fossil Record. Volume 2 Craniodental Morphology of Genus Homo (Africa and Asia)

494 ASIA, EASTERN AND CENTRAL

Corpus was thin from side to side. Anterior root
of ramus took origin below M3, which would thus
have been exposed. P2 has buccolingually wide root
with bifid tip. M roots bifurcate just below neck. P2
has very mesially placed protoconid with small meta-
conid directly opposite it at its base. Small fovea lies
just anterior to protoconid and metaconid in midline
of crown. Thick cristid runs lingually from protoconid,
enclosing b/l wide, thin, deep fovea. Cristid terminates
in moderately sized entoconid that swells distolingual
corner of tooth (thus lingual surface obliquely skewed).
M1 and M2 relatively long, narrow, and subequal in
size; distinctly larger than M3, especially m/d.
M1-M3 lingual cusps peripherally placed, and buccal
cusps less so. M3 lingual cusps quite compressed. Bfl
wide, m/d thin fovea stretches from apex of protoconid
to lingual side of tooth, isolating metaconid behind.
On M1-M3, the large hypoconulid lies buccal to mid-
line. On Ml and 2, base of hypoconid extends to cen-
ter of crown, contacting base of a thin cuspid squeezed
between metaconid and entoconid. M1-M3 have long,
fairly wide talonid basins that dominate occlusal
surface. M3 bears centroconid near center of talonid
basin; cristid bounds basin and runs from metaconid
right round to small hypoconulid. M1 and M2 also
seem to have had centroconids; were probably deeply
but minimally crenulated, as is M3. Ml and M2 were
probably somewhat rounded distally, whereas M3
tapers slightly distally.

Isolated Teeth (S7)

Upper Incisors

S7-1, S7-48, RI’s. Both very heavily worn. S7-1

and 48 have swollen lingual sides (especially 48);

vestiges of margocristae on 1; on 48, mesial margo-

crista descends almost all the way to neck. Preserved

root on 48 is short (so 12?). 1 and 48 not notably

similar. S7-2 is L12; very broad b/l at neck, but with

more sloping lingual surface instead of distinct lingual

swelling. Very worn; was shoveled with central pillar;

could be a lower tooth. S7-50 very worn L12;

resembles S7-1 in that margocristae do not descend

low on tubercle.

Composite of RP2-M3

S7-3, a-d. All worn flat; P2 paracone and protocone

shifted slightly mesially, also rather peripherally placed.

Wrinkling creates paraconule and metaconule as well as

“centroconule” closer to protocone. M2 more distally

distended and arcuate than Ml; in both, all cusps fairly

peripherally placed (so apex of protocone not very

internal). Sides of molars relatively straight. Metacone on

M1 and 2 smaller than paracone; there may have been a

little enamel crenulation. M3 wrinkled (thus cusps are

puffy islands of enamel rather than pointed). Crenulated

postcingulum arcs around from region of protocone to

slightly more mesially placed region of paracone. In

general, not much resemblance to S4.

Canines. S7 45 (upper R) and 47 (upper L) re-

semble each other in having thick margocristae that

become confluent around lingual base. S7-46 (upper

R) lacks, and 36 (upper R) appears to lack,

these structures. S7-46 has finely grooved lingual

surface. S7-59 is lower LC with thin, nonconfluent

margocristids.

Upper Premolars. Upper RP2s (S7-29 and 30)

narrower m/d, especially buccally, and have more

separated paracones and metacones than apparent

Pls. Among Pls, S7-58 stands out as very large; close

in shape to S7-27 (upper L) and 32 (upper R). S7-31

and 34 has more inwardly placed protocone and broad

U-shaped protocristae.

Lower Premolars. S7-69 (RP1) looks like small

version of “Meganthropus” P1. S7-25 and 26 (RPls)

smaller, not as distolingually distended. S7-35: C and

three-rooted P1 in piece of L maxilla. C has

margocristae that are almost confluent around lingual

base; in general, this specimen is reminiscent in size of

the S4 maxilla teeth and the 45 and 47 isolated

canines.

REFERENCES

Bower, B. 2001. Human ancestors made ancient entry to

Java. Science News 159: 246.

Day, M. 1986. Guide to Fossil Man, 4th ed. Chicago,

University of Chicago Press.

Dubois, E. 1940. The fossil human remains discovered in

Java by Dr G.H.R. von Koenigswald and attributed by

him to Pithecanthropus erectus, in reality remains of Homo

waajakensis (syn. Homo soloensis). Proc. Acad Sci. Amst. 43:

Holloway, R. 2000. Brain. In: E. Delson et al. (eds), Ency-

clopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory. New York,

Garland Publishing, pp. 141-149.

494-496,842-851,1268-1275.