HUMAN BIOLOGY

CirCulation: the heart and blood vessels 139

revieW Questions

1. List the functions of the cardiovascular system.


2. Define a “heartbeat,” giving the sequence of events that
   make it up.


3. What is the difference between the systemic and pulmonary
   circuits?


4. Explain the function of (a) the sinoatrial node and (b) the
   atrioventricular node.


5. State the main function of blood capillaries. Name the main
   ways substances cross the walls of capillaries.


6. State the main functions of venules and veins. What forces
   work together in returning venous blood to the heart?


7. Label the heart’s main parts in the diagram below.
   4. In the systemic circuit, the heart’s half pumps
   blood to all body regions; then blood flows
   to the heart.
   a. left; deoxygenated; oxygenated
   b. right; deoxygenated; oxygenated
   c. left; oxygenated; deoxygenated
   d. right; oxygenated; deoxygenated
   5. After you eat, blood passing through the GI tract travels
   through the to a capillary bed in the.
   a. aorta; liver
   b. hepatic portal vein; liver
   c. hepatic vein; spleen
   d. renal arteries; kidneys
   6. The cardiac pacemaker.
   a. sets the normal rate of heartbeat
   b. is the same as the AV node
   c. establishes resting blood pressure
   d. all of these are correct
   7. Blood pressure is.
   a. generated by heart contractions
   b. exerted against vessel walls
   c. healthiest when it is under 120/80
   d. all of these are correct
   8. Blood pressure is highest in and lowest in.
   a. arteries; veins c. arteries; ventricles
   b. arteries; relaxed atria d. arterioles; veins
   9. contraction drives blood through the systemic and
   pulmo nary circuits; outside the heart, blood pressure is
   highest in the.
   a. Atrial; ventricles c. Ventricular; arteries
   b. Atrial; atria d. Ventricular; aorta
   10. Match the type of blood vessel with its major function.
   arteries a. diffusion
   arterioles b. control of blood distribution
   capillaries c. transport, blood volume
   veins reservoirs
   d. blood transport and
   pressure regulators
   11. Match these three circulation components with their
   descriptions.
   capillary beds a. two atria, two ventricles
   heart chambers b. driving force for blood
   heart contractions c. zones of diffusion

CritiCaL thinKing

1. A patient suffering from hypertension may receive drugs
   that decrease the heart’s output, dilate arterioles, or
   increase urine production. In each case, how would the
   drug treatment help relieve hypertension?

© Cengage Learning

seLF-Quiz Answers in Appendix VI

1. Cells obtain nutrients from and deposit waste into.
   a. blood c. each other
   b. lymph vessels d. both a and b


2. The contraction phase of the heartbeat is ; the
   relaxation phase is.


3. In the pulmonary circuit, the heart’s half pumps
   blood to capillary beds inside the lungs; then
   blood flows to the heart.
   a. left; deoxygenated; oxygenated
   b. right; deoxygenated; oxygenated
   c. left; oxygenated; deoxygenated
   d. right; oxygenated; deoxygenated

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