HUMAN BIOLOGY

prinCiples of eCology 461

Figure 24.2 Animals, plants, and other organisms

interact in ecosystems. These photographs show some

of the organisms you might see in the boreal forest of

the Canadian Rockies A, including shelf fungi growing

on a large conifer B; a pine grosbeak C; and a red fox D.

Figure 24.3 Animated! Alaska’s Glacier Bay provides examples of primary succession. A A glacier is receding, leaving newly exposed
soil. B The first plants are lichens, mosses, and small flowering plants that can grow and spread over glacial till. C Within 20 years, shrubs
and small trees begin to flourish. After 80 years, a climax community of spruces dominates. (A: Douglas Peebles/Encyclopedia/Corbis; B: © Knorre/Shutterstock.com;
C: © M. Cornelius/Shutterstock.com)

A B C

© Cengage Learning/Jack Carey

A

© Tom & Pat Leeson, Ardea London Ltd.

C

B

D

© Marbury/Shutterstock.com

Stephen J. Krasemann/Science Source

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