Index I-47Tail, of embryo, 338f–339f
Tailbone (coccyx), 93, 93f
n Tanning, 79, 381, 429, 429f, 435, 438
Target cells, 286, 286t, 288–289, 289f,
290t, 292t, 299
Tarsal bones (ankle bones), 90, 91f,
95, 95f
Tarsiers, 450f
Tastant molecules, 271
Taste (gustation), 255, 270, 270f,
271, 349
Taste buds, 270, 270f, 271
Taste receptors, 270, 270f
n Tau, 349
n Tay-Sachs disease, 392, 392f
T cell(s)
cytotoxic, 163, 166–167, 166f,
167f, 435
effector, 162f, 163
formation of, 158f, 159
helper, 163, 164, 164f–165f, 166, 172
HIV and, 172
n in immune disorders, 171
immune system role, 157, 162–163,
162f, 163f, 164, 164f–165f,
166–167, 166f, 167f, 206, 349,
419, 429, 435
n in immunotherapy, 169
memory, 162, 162f, 163, 164, 166
origin of, 143f
T cell receptors, 162, 163, 166, 166f
n Tear (in muscle), 114, 114f
Tear ducts, 92
Tear glands (eye), 178
Tears (eye), 92, 160, 165, 165t
Tectorial membrane, 272f–273f, 273
Teeth, 198, 198f
n amelogensis imperfecta, 395, 395f
n dental caries, bacteria causing,
210, 210f
n dental surgery, and cardiovascular
disease, 136
evolution of, 451
in food processing, 197, 198
joints anchoring to sockets, 96
sockets for, 92
Telangiectasia, 132
Telomeres, 348
Telophase (mitosis), 356f, 358, 359f,
368f–369f
Telophase I (meiosis), 362, 364,
364f–365f, 367f, 368f–369f
Telophase II (meiosis), 362, 364f–365f,
367f, 368f–369f
Temperature, 82–83, 82f, 83f, 83t. See
also Fever; Global warming;
Thermoreceptors; entries
under Heat
core, 82–83, 82f, 83f, 83t
and enzyme function, 59, 82
and gas exchange, 144, 184
homeostasis, 82–83, 82f, 83f, 83t
ovulation and, 316, 316f
in polymerase chain reaction,
415, 415f
and proteins, denaturation of,
35, 35f
sensory system response to, 268
and sperm production, 310
Temporal bone, 92, 92f–93f, 101
Temporal lobe, 254, 254f
n Tendinitis, 98
Tendons, 70f–71f, 70t, 71, 90, 98, 106,
106f, 118
Tendon sheath, 106, 106f
n Tennis elbow, 98
n Tension headache, 259
Teratogens, 344f, 345
Termination (as stage of translation),
412, 412f
Termination sequence, 409
n Tertiary consumers, 462, 464f
Tertiary structure of proteins, 34, 34f
n Testcrosses, 377, 377f
Testes (testicles), 300f, 305, 310,
310f, 310t
development of, 339, 339f, 388, 388f
in endocrine system, 287f, 292t
hormone production in, 287f, 288,
292t, 300, 300f
hormones acting on, 290t, 291, 291f
n self-examination of, 325, 325f, 432t
sperm formation in, 297, 300, 310,
311, 312–313, 312f, 313f, 362,
363, 363f
STDs and, 321
tissues, and immune response, 167
undescended, 297
Testicles. See Testes
n Testicular cancer, 325, 325f, 432t
n Testicular feminizing syndrome, 395
Testosterone
action of, 396, 409
aging and production of, 349
androgen insensitivity and, 395
blood level homeostasis, 313, 313f
n endocrine disrupters and, 297
functional groups in, 26, 27f
in genital development, 339
production of, 287f, 290f, 291,
292t, 300
reproductive role of, 313, 313f
as steroid hormone, 288, 288t
as sterol derivative, 31, 31f
n Tests, blood, 149, 149t
n cancer, 432, 432t
n cholesterol level, 134, 149
n fecal occult blood, 432t
n PSA, 325
n Tests for cancer, 432–433, 432f,
432t, 433f
n Tetanus (disease), 115, 115f,
168, 168t
Tetanus (muscle state), 112, 113, 113fn Tetracycline, 345
TH (thyroid hormone), 135, 287f, 288,
288t, 292t, 294, 294f, 297
Thalamus, 252, 252f, 255, 255f, 256, 257,
257f, 258, 270, 277
n Thalassemia, 152, 409
n Thalidomide, 345
Theory of evolution. See Evolution
n Theory, scientific, 9, 9t
Therapeutic cloning, 421
n Thermal inversions, 476, 476f
Thermoreceptors, 82f, 83, 266
Theta waves (sleep stage), 256f
Thigh, muscles of, 112, 114
Thighbone. See Femur
Thirst, 224, 231, 299
Thirst center, 231
Thomas, Lee, 79f
Thoracic cavity, 75, 76, 76f, 93, 182,
182f. See also Rib(s)/rib cage
Thoracic duct, 158f
Thoracic nerves, 249f
Thoracic vertebrae, 93, 93f
Thoroughfare channels, 133f
Thought, brain centers of, 255
Threonine, 212, 213f, 410f
Threshold for action potential (nerve
impulse), 242–243, 242f–243f
Throat. See Pharynx; Trachea
n Throat cancer, 41, 177
Thrombin, 59, 150, 150f, 151, 154
Thrombocytopenia, 154
n Thrombosis, 150
n Thrombus, 134, 150
Thumb, opposable (human evolution),
450–451
Thymine (T), 404, 404f, 405f, 406, 406f,
407f, 409t, 416, 416f
Thymosins, 287f, 292t, 300
Thymus gland, 158f, 159, 162, 163f,
287f, 292t, 300
Thymus hormones, 287f, 292t, 300
n Thyroid cancer, 431f, 432, 433f
Thyroid cartilage, 178
Thyroid gland, 287f, 292t, 294, 294f,
295, 295f
hormones acting on, 149t, 287f, 290t,
291, 291f, 294
hormones secreted by, 69f, 135, 287f,
288, 288t, 292t, 294, 294f, 297
Thyroid hormone(s) (TH), 69f, 135, 287f,
288, 288t, 292t, 294, 294f, 297
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH;
thyrotropin), 149t, 287f, 290t,
291, 291f, 294, 294f
Thyrotropin (TSH; thyroid-stimulating
hormone), 149t, 287f, 290t, 291,
291f, 294, 294f
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
(TRH), 291
Thyroxine, 288t, 292t
Thyroxine (T 4 ), 294Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).