Identification of Mucorales, and other
fungi discussed here, will be facilitated by bar-
coding (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of type or authentic
cultures(Schoch et al. 2012 ). Barcoding was
discussed for members of Mucorales (Walther
et al. 2013 ), and the procedure will aid in spe-
cies determination for biotechnology and clas-
sification (Voigt and Kirk 2011 ).
References
Abdel-Motaal FF, El-Sayed MA, El-Zayat SA, Nassar
MSM, Ito SI (2010)Choanephora rot of floral
tops ofHyoscyamus muticuscaused byChoane-
phora cucurbitarum. J Gen Plant Pathol 76:358–
361
Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell MM (1996) Intro-
ductory mycology, 4th edn. Wiley, New York, NY
Alvarez E, Garcia-Hermoso D, Sutton DA, Cano JF,
Stchigal AM, Hoinard D, Fothergill AW, Rinaldi
MG, Dromer F, Guarro J (2010a) Molecular phy-
logeny and proposal of two new species of the
emerging pathogenic fungus Saksenaea. J Clin
Microbiol 48:4410–4416
Alvarez E, Stchigel AM, Cano J, Sutton DA, Fothergill
AW, Chander J, Salas V, Rinaldi MG, Guarro J
(2010b) Molecular phylogenetic diversity of the
emerging mucoralean fungus Apophysomyces:
proposal of three new species. Rev Iberoam Micol
27:80–89
A ́lvarez E, Cano J, Stchigel AM, Sutton DA, Fothergill
AW, Salas V, Rinaldi MG, Guarro J (2011) Two
new species ofMucorfrom clinical samples. Med
Mycol 49:62–72
Amadio J, Gordon K, Murphy CD (2010) Biotransfor-
mation of flurbiprofen byCunninghamellaspe-
cies. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:6299–6303
Asha S, Vidyavathi M (2009)Cunninghamella–a
microbial model from drug metabolism studies –
a review. Biotechnol Adv 27:16–29
Baker K (1979) Ultrastructural development of meros-
porangia in the mycoparasitePiptocephalis indica.
Can J Bot 57:2460–2465
Baker KL, Hooper GR, Beneke ES (1977) Ultrastructural
development of rnerosporangia in the mycopara-
siteSyncephalis sphaerica(Mucorales). Can J Bot
55:2207–2215
Balazy S (1993) Flora of Poland. Fungi (Mycota), vol
XXIV, Entomophthorales. Polish Academy of
Sciences, Krakow, Poland
Barnett HL (1970) Nutritional requirements for the
axenic growth of some haustorial mycoparasites.
Mycologia 62:750–760
Barnett HL, Lilly VG (1950) Influence of nutritional and
environmental factors upon asexual reproduction
ofChoanephora cucurbitarumin culture. Phytopa-
thology 40:80–89
Barron GL (1975) Nematophagus fungi:Helicocepha-
lum. Trans Br Mycol Soc 65:309–310
Barron GL (1983) A newAmoebophilus(Zygomycetes)
parasitic on amoebae. Can J Bot 61:3091–3094
Barron GL (2004) Fungal parasites and predators of
rotifers, nematodes and other invertebrates. In:
Mueller GM, Bills GF, Foster MS (eds) Biodiversity
of fungi. Inventory and monitoring methods. Else-
vier, Burlington, MA, pp 435–450
Bartnicki-Garcia S (1978)Mucor rouxii: mold-yeast
dimorphism. In: Fuller MS (ed) Lower fungi in
the laboratory. Palfrey Contributions in Botany
No. 1, Department of Botany, University of Geor-
gia, Athens, GA, pp 146–148
Batko A (1964a) On the genera:Zoophthoragen. nov.,
Triplosporium(Thaxter) gen. nov. andEntomo-
phagagen. nov. (Phycomycetes: Entomophthora-
ceae). Bull Acad Pol Sci Club, Se ́r II 12:323–326
Batko A (1964b) Remarks on the genusEntomophthora
Fresenius 1856 non Nowakowski 1883 (Phycomy-
cetes: Entomophthoraceae). Bull Acad Pol Sci
Club, Se ́r II 12:319–321
Batko A (1964c) Remarks on the genusLamiaNow-
akowski 1883 vs.CulicolaNieuland 1916 (Phyco-
mycetes: Entomophthoraceae). Bull Acad Pol Sci
Club, Sr II 12:399–402
Batko A (1964d) Some new combinations in the fungus
family Entomophthoraceae (Phycomycetes). Bull
Acad Pol Sci Club, Se ́r II 12:403–406
Beakes GW, Campos-Takaki GM, Takaki M (1984) The
effect of glucose concentration and light on
thallospore structure in Ellisomyces anomalus
(Thamnidiaceae, Mucorales). Can J Bot 62:2677–
2687
Benjamin RK (1959) The merosporangiferous Mucor-
ales. Aliso 4:321–433
Benjamin RK (1965) Addenda to “The merosporangi-
ferous Mucorales” III. Dimargaris. Aliso 6:1–10
Benjamin RK (1966) A newBasidiobolusthat forms
microspores. Aliso 5:223–233
Benjamin RK (1966) The merosporangium. Mycologia
58:1–42
Benjamin RK (1979) Zygomycetes and their spores. In:
Kendrick B (ed) The whole fungus. National
Museum of Natural Sciences and the Kanaskis
Foundation, Ottawa, pp 573–616
Benjamin RK (1985a) A new genus of the Piptocepha-
lidaceae (Zoopagales) from Japan. Bot J Linn Soc
91:117–133
Benjamin RK (1985b) A novel new species ofSyncepha-
lis(Zoopagales: Piptocephalidaceae) from Califor-
nia that forms hypogenous merosporangia. Aliso
11:1–15
Benjamin RK, Mehrotra BS (1963) Obligate azygospore
formation in two species ofMucor. Aliso 5:235–245
Benny GL (1995) Classical morphology in zygomycete
taxonomy. Can J Bot 73(Suppl 1):S725–S730240 G.L. Benny et al.