Bioethics Beyond Altruism Donating and Transforming Human Biological Materials

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12 Towards Social Maternity: Where’s the Mother? ... 313

be carried onboard to feed babies. However, in April 2016 security at
Heathrow forbade a mother with several gallons of frozen milk to take
it onboard or check it in as luggage, forcing her to discard it. See http://
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3555253/Mother-forced-dump-
FOUR-GALLONS-breast-milk-trying-security-Heathrow-airport.html
(accessed 19 September 2016).


  1. This concept has also been referred to as ‘civic fitness’ within the con-
    text of ‘commodity activism’. See Samantha King ( 2012 ).

  2. Strict milk banking policies also reduce the amount of milk eligible for
    donation, since they require a minimum supply, as well as maximum
    age of the donor’s baby, among other constraints. This means parents
    who do not meet these requirements have safe milk to share informally,
    as Trevor MacDonald discovered.


References

Allen, D., & Berg, C. (2014). The sharing economy. Institute of Public Affairs.
Retrieved September 23, 2016, from https://ipa.org.au/portal/uploads/
Sharing_Economy_December_2014.pdf.
Azema, E., & Callahan, S. (2013). Breastmilk donors in France: A portrait of
the typical donor and the utility of milk banking in the French breastfeed-
ing context. Journal of Human Lactation, 19, 199–202.
Baker, J. (2014). Neoliberalism and the depoliticizing of motherhood: The
Australian experience. In M. Vandenbeld Giles (Ed.), Mothering in the age of
neoliberalism (pp. 169–184). Toronto: Demeter Press.
Bindley, K. (2011). Breast milk bank shortages prompt concern. Huffington
Post. Retrieved September 12, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com.
au/entry/breast-milk-bank-shortage_n_1093648.
Block, J. (2010). Move over, milk banks: Facebook and milk sharing. Time
Magazine. Retrieved August 18, 2016, from http://content.time.com/time/
health/article/0,8599,2032363,00.html.
Blum, L. M. (2000). At the breast: Ideologies of breastfeeding and motherhood in
the United States. Boston: Beacon Press.
Bowlby, J. (1953). Childcare and the growth of love. London: Penguin.
Bromberg Bar Yam, N. (2010). The story of the mother’s milk bank of New
England. In R. M. Shaw & A. Bartlett (Eds.). Giving breastmilk: Body ethics

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