3 The Immortal Life of Ethics? The Alienation of Body Tissue ... 71have been mixed, with some studies showing only slight improve-
ment in recall with the addition of a video (Hoffner et al. 2012 ; Sonne
et al. 2013 ) while others have shown significant improvement (Shukla
et al. 2012 ; Tait et al. 2009 ). In their Cochrane review, Synnot et al.
( 2014 ) examined the use of multimedia informed consent procedures
and found that they did not indicate strong evidence for or against the
use of multimedia to enhance informed consent. Despite this, Synnot
et al. ( 2014 ) have found that irrespective of improved understanding,
research participants responded positively to the administration of a
video, and felt more informed after viewing it, even if this was assessed
not be the case (see also Sonne et al. 2013 ).
It is difficult to assess the effectiveness of the use of video within
informed consent procedures, as the quality of the video is often an
unknown. Therefore, the understanding of informed consent may be a
reflection of the quality of the video, such as a poor script or produc-
tion values, rather than the efficacy of the medium itself. This is per-
haps the reason that the literature is inconclusive on the effectiveness
of video consent. However, it is important to note that the use of video
or an interactive informed consent process has not been shown to have
an adverse reaction on research participants (Synnot et al. 2014 ). The
significant disadvantage of video informed consent procedures has been
the cost and difficulty of creating the video.
In this section we have outlined some specific ethical issues that are
important to acknowledge when engaging in iPSC research. To date,
there is no literature suggesting the best method of creating a video
to administer ethics and consent procedures, and there appears to
be little work done on exploring research participant understanding
and recall of ethical issues following informed consent. While the lit-
erature on the use of videos in consent is mixed, a number of ethical
issues, such as the difficulty in conveying complex scientific informa-
tion, may mean that video consent could be an effective method to
improve informed consent in innovative areas of science such as iPSC
research.
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