84 K. Mruk and W. R. Kobertz
Tether
Targeting moieties
Ion channels
Application/Results
Refs.
PhotoreversibleAzobenzene
Glutamate
Maleimide
iGluR6, mGluR2, mGluR3, and mGluR6
Optogenetic control of ionotopic and metabotropic glutamate receptors
Volgraf et
al. (
2006
)
Levitz et
al. (
2013
)
Azobenzene
Acetylcholine homocholine
Maleimide
a4b2, a4b3, a4b4 nAChRs Optogenetic control of nico-
tinic acetylcholine receptors
Tochitsky et
al. (
2012
)
Azobenzene
Trimethylammonium Alkylbromide
nAChR
Kinetics of ligand-dependent opening and closing of receptors
Lester et
al (
1980
)
Azobenzene
Tetraethylammonim (TEA)
Maleimide
Shaker, Kv1.3, Kv3.2, Kv7.2, SK, and TREK
Optogenetic control of K+ channels
Banghart et
al. (
2004
)
Fortin et
al. (
2008
)
Sandoz et
al. (
2012
)
Table 1
(continued)