Evolution What the Fossils Say and Why it Matters

(Elliott) #1

  • Part I. EVOLUTION AND THE FOSSIL RECORD Acknowledgments xxiii

  • 1 The Nature of Science

    • What Is Science?

    • Science and Belief Systems

    • Belly Buttons and Testability

    • Natural and Supernatural

    • Science, Pseudoscience, and Baloney Detection

    • Follow the Evidence Wherever It May Lead



  • 2 Science and Creationism

    • Mything Links

    • The Genesis of Genesis

    • What Is Creationism?

    • Twentieth-Century Creationism

    • “Intelligent Design”—or “Breathtaking Inanity”?

    • The Monkey Business of Creationism



  • 3 The Fossil Record

    • Lucky Accidents of Fossilization

    • Faunal Succession or “Flood Geology”?

    • The Surreal World of “Flood Geology”

    • The Grand Canyon Through the Looking Glass

    • Ship of Foolishness?

    • Dates with Rocks

    • Punk Eek, Transitional Forms, . . . and Quote Miners



  • 4 The Evolution of Evolution

    • Before Darwin

    • The Evolution of Darwin

    • The Neo-Darwinian Evolutionary Synthesis

    • Challenges to Neo-Darwinism

      • Unfinished Synthesis

      • Lamarck Revisited

      • Neutralism, Junk DNA, and Molecular Clocks



    • Macroevolution and Evo/Devo viii Contents

    • The Evidence of Evolution

      • The Family Tree of Life

      • Homology

      • Vestigial Structures and Other Imperfections

      • Embryology

      • Biogeography



    • Evolution Happens All the Time!



  • 5 Systematics and Evolution

    • What Is Systematics?

    • What Is Taxonomy?

    • Ladders, Bushes, Mosaics, and “Missing Links”

    • The Cladistic Revolution

    • Ancestor Worship

    • The Molecular Third Dimension

    • The Branching Tree of Life



  • Part II. EVOLUTION? THE FOSSILS SAY YES!

  • 6 Life’s Origins

    • To the Blazing Hot North Pole

    • Recipe for Primordial Soup

    • Mosh Pits, Fool’s Gold, Kitty Litter, Black Smokers, and Mud

    • Communal Living Builds Complex Cells

    • Probability and the Origin of Life



  • 7 Cambrian “Explosion”—Or “Slow Fuse”?

    • The Creationists’ Favorite Myth

    • Step 1: Planet of the Scum

    • Step 2: The Garden of Ediacara

    • Step 3: The Little Shellies

    • Step 4: In with a Whimper, Not a Bang



  • 8 Spineless Wonders of Evolution

    • Invertebrate Transitions

    • The Incredible World of Microfossils

    • The Story in the Seashells

    • What About Macroevolution?



  • 9 Fish Tales

    • Show Some Backbone!

    • It’s a Long Way from Amphioxus

    • Jaws: The Evolutionary Story



  • 10 Fish Out of Water Contents ix

    • The Great Leap Upward

    • Lobe Fins Lead the Way

    • Four on the Floor

    • The “Frogamander”



  • 11 Onto the Land and Back to the Sea: The Amniotes

    • Innovative Eggs

    • Evolution of the Great Sea Dragons

    • Snakes with Legs and Hopping Crocodiles



  • 12 Dinosaurs Evolve—and Fly

    • Dinosaur Transitions

    • Lifestyles of the Huge and Ancient

    • Dinosaurs Are Alive!



  • 13 Mammalian Explosion

    • From Amniote to Synapsid to Mammals

    • Furballs in the Age of Dinosaurs

    • Radiation in the Aftermath

    • Lions and Tigers and Bears, Oh My!



  • 14 Bossies and Blowholes

    • Thundering Hooves

    • Tiny Horses, Hornless Rhinoceroses, and Thunder Beasts

    • Kingdom of Cloven Hooves

    • Walking Whales

    • Dumbo and the Mermaid



  • 15 The Ape’s Reflection?

    • The Only Transition That Really Matters

    • The Truth About Human Fossils

    • The Third Chimpanzee



  • 16 Why Does It Matter?

    • Deceit in the Name of the Lord

    • Why Should We Care?

    • Choices for the Future

    • Bibliography

    • Index



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