••• CHAPTER 33^ Menopause^323
❍ What percentage of bone is remodeling (forming or resorbing) at any one time?
12.
❍ What percentage of bone mass is formed in a young woman between the ages of 13 and 16?
Almost 50.
❍ When does bone loss accelerate?
After menopause, and the rapid loss continues for about 5 years. Accelerated bone loss has also been observed in
women 2 to 3 years prior to the cessation of menstruation; the rate of bone loss was correlated to an elevation of
FSH and bone turnover markers.
❍ What percentage of bone mass is lost in this time?
20.
❍ Are osteoporotic fractures more common than heart attack, stroke, and breast cancer combined?
Yes.
❍ What percentage increase in mortality is seen after hip fracture?
24.
❍ What percentage of hip fracture survivors are incapacitated for an extended time?
50.
❍ In women who have a vertebral fracture, what percentage will have another fracture within a year?
19%. After one vertebral fracture, there is a fivefold increased risk of a second vertebral fracture and almost a
twofold increased risk of a hip fracture.
❍ Does a hip fracture increase the risk of a second hip fracture?
Yes.
❍ Which is more common, a fall causing a hip fracture or a fracture causing a fall?
A fall causing a fracture is much more common.
❍ What are the secondary causes of osteoporosis?
Low vitamin D intake, low calcium intake, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes malabsorption syndromes,
hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, malnutrition, liver disease, glucocorticoids, heparin, rheumatoid arthritis,
and osteoarthritis.