Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 5..

36 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS

Table 1.1. Examples of specific bacterial adherence to host cell surfaces (cont.)

Bacterium/disease Adherence factors Cellular receptors Attachment rites Reference(s)

Salmonella enterica serovar

Typhimurium/ gastroenteritis

fim (type I fimbriae); pef

(PE fimbrae); lpf (LP fimbrae);

agf (curli fimbriae); ShdA

oligomannose motifs; Hep-2

domain of fibronectin

Intestinal epithelium Bäumler, Tsolis and Heffron

(1997); Thankavel et al. (1999);

Kingsley et al. (2004)

Shigella flexneri/dysentery Invasion plasmid antigen BCD α 5 β 1 integrin; carbohydrate

moieties associated with mucin

layer

Colonic epithelial cells Rajkumar, Devaraj and Niranjali

(1998); Kerr (1999); Kohler,

Rodrigues and McCormick (2002)

Staphylococcus aureus/boils,

furuncles, impetigo, septic shock

MSCRAMMs (FnBP, Protein A,

PNSG, Cna, coagulase, Clf)

α 5 β 1 integrin; other unknown

receptors on collagen, fibrinogen,

IgG, prothrombin

Extracellular matrix Shuter, Hatcher and Lowy (1996);

Salyers and Whitt (2002);

Roche et al. (2004)

Streptococcus pneumoniae/

sepsis, meningitis, otitis media,

pneumonia

PavA Fibronectin Nasopharynx and

alveolar epithelium

Holmes et al. (2001)

Streptococcus pyogenes/throat

infections, other serious

infections

MSCRAMMs (SfbI/F1, Fpb54,

SfbII/SOF, F2)

α 5 β 1 integrin (fibronectin receptor) Pharyngeal epithelium Cue et al. (2000); Towers et al.

(2003); Kreikemeyer et al. (2004)

Group A Streptococcus

(S. pyogenes)

Protein M CD46 Keratinocytes, Rezcallah et al. (2005)

Group B Streptococcus BibA hC4bp Epithelial cells Santi et al. (2007)

Group G Streptococcus

(S. dysgalactiae)

Surface protein FOG Collagens I fibrils Nitsche et al. (2006)

Treponema Pallidum/syphilis MSCRAMMs fibronectin receptor containing

α 5 ;laminin receptor

Mucosal epithelium Cameron (2003); Lee et al. (2003)

Vibrio cholerae/cholera Tcp pili; others (O Ag of LPS,

MSHA, MFRHA)

Specific carbohydrate and

glycoprotein receptors

Intestinal epithelium Franzon, Barker and Manning

(1993); Häse and Mekalanos

(1998); Sasmal et al. (2002)

Yersinia enterocolitica/diarrhoea Invasin (OMP); YadA β 1 integrins (α 3 β 1 , α 4 β 1 α 5 β 1 α 6 β 1

and αvβ 1 ); collagen, laminin,

fibronectin

Intestinal epithelium

and submucosa

Schulte et al. (2000); El Tahir and

Skurnik (2001); Isberg and Barnes

(2001)

Notes:

asialo-GM1 -GM2: glycolipids

Bfp: bundle forming pili

LRI/IAP: leukocyte response integrin (αVβ3, CD61)/integrin

associated protein (CD47)

C4bp: complement component 4 binding protein MFRHA: mannose fucose resistant hemagglutinin

CD46: membrane cofactor protein, member of superfamily

of complement resistant proteins

CD55: decay accelerating factor for complement

MOMP: major outer membrane protein

MSCRAMMS: microbial surface components recognizing

adhesive matrix molecules

Clf: clumping factor MSHA: mannose sensitive hemagglutinin

Cna: collagen binding protein MUC: mucin gene

CR1: complement receptor type 1 NMEC: Neonatal Meningitidis Escherichia coli

CR3: complement receptor type 3 OMP: outer membrane protein

Curli fimbriae: thin aggregative fimbriae Opa: opacity associated

EHEC: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Opc: class 5 outer memebrane protein

EPEC: Entoropathogenic Escherichia coli OprF: porin F

ETEC: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli PavA: Adherence and virulence protein A

FAP: fibronectin attachment protein PE fimbrae: plasmid-encoded fimbriae

FcR: Fc receptor PGL-1: phenolic glycolipid 1

FHA: filamentous hemagglutinin Pil: pili (fimbriae)

Fim: fimbriae PNSG: Poly-n-succinyl-β-1,6 glucosamine

FnBP: fibronectin binding protein rOmpA: 190-kDa cell surface antigen

FOG: Friend of GATA SfbI: streptococcal fibronectin-binding protein I

HbhA: heparin-binding hemagglutinin SfbII: streptococcal fibronectin-binding protein II

HSPGs: heparansulphate proteoglycans ShdA: host colonisation factor

InlA: internalin A Tcp: toxin co-regulated pili (demonstrably important in humans)

InlB: internalin B Tir: Translocated intimim receptor

LKP: long-thick fimbriae TLR-5: Toll-like receptor 5

LP fimbrae: long polar fimbriae UspA: ubiquitous surface protein

LPS: lipopolysaccharide UPEC: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

VLA-5: very late antigen-5