Schuler G, Adams V, Goto Y (2013) Role of exercise in the prevention of cardiovascular dis-
ease: results, mechanisms, and new perspectives. Eur Heart J 34(24):1790–1799
Sheikh N, Sharma S (2014) Impact of ethnicity on cardiac adaptation to exercise. Nat Rev
Cardiol 11(4):198–217
Metkus TS Jr, Baughman KL, Thompson PD (2010) Exercise prescription and primary pre-
vention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 121(23):2601–2604
Hu G, Barengo NC, Tuomilehto J et al (2004) Relationship of physical activity and body mass
index to the risk of hypertension: a prospective study in Finland. Hypertension 43(1):25–30
Kriska AM, Saremi A, Hanson RL et al (2003) Physical activity, obesity, and the incidence of
type 2 diabetes in a high-risk population. Am J Epidemiol 158(7):669–675
Rennie KL, McCarthy N, Yazdgerdi S et al (2003) Association of the metabolic syndrome with
both vigorous and moderate physical activity. Int J Epidemiol 32(4):600–606
Benton JG, Rusk HA (1954) The relation of physical activity and occupation to coronary
artery heart disease. Ann Intern Med 41(5):910–917
Pina IL, Apstein CS, Balady GJ et al (2003) Exercise and heart failure: a statement from the
American Heart Association Committee on exercise, rehabilitation, and prevention. Circulation
107(8):1210–1225
Lee DC, Artero EG, Sui X et al (2010) Mortality trends in the general population: the impor-
tance of cardiorespiratory fitness. J Psychopharmacol 24(4 Suppl):27–35
O’Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Lee KL et al (2009) Efficacy and safety of exercise training
in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA
301(14):1439–1450
Crimi E, Ignarro LJ, Cacciatore F et al (2009) Mechanisms by which exercise training benefits
patients with heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 6(4):292–300
Bei Y, Fu S, Chen X, et al (2017) Cardiac cell proliferation is not necessary for exercise-
induced cardiac growth but required for its protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
J Cell Mol Med
Senyo SE, Lee RT, Kuhn B (2014) Cardiac regeneration based on mechanisms of cardiomyo-
cyte proliferation and differentiation. Stem Cell Res 13(3 Pt B):532–541
Rosenzweig A (2012) Medicine. Cardiac regeneration. Science 338(6114):1549–1550
Sharma S, Merghani A, Mont L (2015) Exercise and the heart: the good, the bad, and the ugly.
Eur Heart J 36(23):1445–1453
