Exercise for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment From Molecular to Clinical, Part 1

v

Contents

Part I Overview

1 Physical Inactivity and the Economic and Health Burdens

Due to Cardiovascular Disease: Exercise as Medicine ........................ 3

Mark Hamer, Gary O’Donovan, and Marie Murphy

Part II Cardiac Exercise Physiology

2 Acute and Chronic Response to Exercise in Athletes:

The “Supernormal Heart” ..................................................................... 21

Antonello D’Andrea, Tiziana Formisano, Lucia Riegler,

Raffaella Scarafile, Raffaella America, Francesca Martone,

Marco di Maio, Maria Giovanna Russo, Eduardo Bossone,

Maurizio Galderisi, and Raffaele Calabrò

3 The Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Biomarkers:

New Insights, Recent Data, and Applications....................................... 43

Lin Che and Dong Li

4 Acute and Chronic Exercise in Animal Models ................................... 55

Vu Thi Thu, Hyoung Kyu Kim, and Jin Han

Part III Cardiac Cells Adaptations in Exercise

5 Structural, Contractile and Electrophysiological Adaptations

of Cardiomyocytes to Chronic Exercise ................................................ 75

A. Krzesiak, N. Delpech, S. Sebille, C. Cognard, and A. Chatelier

6 Formation of New Cardiomyocytes in Exercise ................................... 91

Liang Shen, Hui Wang, Yihua Bei, Dragos Cretoiu,

Sanda Maria Cretoiu, and Junjie Xiao