216
- Kalani MY, Zabramski JM, Nakaji P, Spetzler
RF. Bypass and flow reduction for complex
basilar and vertebrobasilar junction aneurysms.
Neurosurgery. 2013;72(5):763–75. Discussion
75–76. Epub 2013/01/22. - Sanai N, Tarapore P, Lee AC, Lawton MT. The cur-
rent role of microsurgery for posterior circulation
aneurysms: a selective approach in the endovascular
era. Neurosurgery. 2008;62(6):1236–49. Discussion
49–53. Epub 2008/10/01. - International Study of Unruptured Intracranial
Aneurysms Investigators. Unruptured intracranial
aneurysms – risk of rupture and risks of surgical
intervention. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(24):1725–33.
Epub 1998/12/29. - Ucas Japan Investigators, Morita A, Kirino T,
et al. The natural course of unruptured cerebral
aneurysms in a Japanese cohort. N Engl J Med.
2012;366(26):2474–82. Epub 2012/06/29. - Naidech AM, Janjua N, Kreiter KT, et al. Predictors
and impact of aneurysm rebleeding after subarach-
noid hemorrhage. Arch Neurol. 2005;62(3):410–6.
Epub 2005/03/16. - Phillips TJ, Dowling RJ, Yan B, Laidlaw JD, Mitchell
PJ. Does treatment of ruptured intracranial aneu-
rysms within 24 hours improve clinical outcome?
Stroke. 2011;42(7):1936–45. Epub 2011/06/18. - Schievink WI, Wijdicks EF, Piepgras DG, Chu CP,
O’Fallon WM, Whisnant JP. The poor prognosis
of ruptured intracranial aneurysms of the posterior
circulation. J Neurosurg. 1995;82(5):791–5. Epub
1995/05/01. - Choi JH, Mohr JP. Brain arteriovenous malforma-
tions in adults. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4(5):299–308.
Epub 2005/04/26. - Perret G, Nishioka H. Report on the cooperative
study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid
hemorrhage. Section VI. Arteriovenous malforma-
tions. An analysis of 545 cases of cranio-cerebral
arteriovenous malformations and fistulae reported to
the cooperative study. J Neurosurg. 1966;25(4):467–
90. Epub 1966/10/01. - Gross CR, Kase CS, Mohr JP, Cunningham SC,
Baker WE. Stroke in south Alabama: incidence
and diagnostic features – a population based study.
Stroke. 1984;15(2):249–55. Epub 1984/03/01. - Toffol GJ, Biller J, Adams HP Jr. Nontraumatic
intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults. Arch
Neurol. 1987;44(5):483–5. Epub 1987/05/01. - Batjer H, Samson D. Arteriovenous malformations
of the posterior fossa. Clinical presentation, diagnos-
tic evaluation, and surgical treatment. J Neurosurg.
1986;64(6):849–56. Epub 1986/06/01. - Drake CG, Friedman AH, Peerless SJ. Posterior
fossa arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg.
1986;64(1):1–10. Epub 1986/01/01. - Hernesniemi JA, Dashti R, Juvela S, Vaart K,
Niemela M, Laakso A. Natural history of brain
arteriovenous malformations: a long-term follow-
up study of risk of hemorrhage in 238 patients.
Neurosurgery. 2008;63(5):823–9. Discussion 9–31.
Epub 2008/11/14.
- Khaw AV, Mohr JP, Sciacca RR, et al. Association
of infratentorial brain arteriovenous malformations
with hemorrhage at initial presentation. Stroke.
2004;35(3):660–3. Epub 2004/01/31. - Arnaout OM, Gross BA, Eddleman CS, Bendok BR,
Getch CC, Batjer HH. Posterior fossa arteriovenous
malformations. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;26(5):E12.
Epub 2009/05/05. - Kader A, Young WL, Pile-Spellman J, et al. The
influence of hemodynamic and anatomic factors on
hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malforma-
tions. Neurosurgery. 1994;34(5):801–7. Discussion
7–8. Epub 1994/05/01. - da Costa L, Wallace MC, Ter Brugge KG, O’Kelly C,
Willinsky RA, Tymianski M. The natural history and
predictive features of hemorrhage from brain arterio-
venous malformations. Stroke. 2009;40(1):100–5.
Epub 2008/11/15. - Kim H, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, et al. Racial/
ethnic differences in longitudinal risk of intracra-
nial hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malforma-
tion patients. Stroke. 2007;38(9):2430–7. Epub
2007/08/04. - Yamada S, Takagi Y, Nozaki K, Kikuta K,
Hashimoto N. Risk factors for subsequent hemor-
rhage in patients with cerebral arteriovenous mal-
formations. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(5):965–72. Epub
2007/11/06. - Yang W, Anderson-Keightly H, Westbroek EM, et al.
Long-term hemorrhagic risk in pediatric patients
with arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg
Pediatr. 2016;18(3):329-38. Epub 2016/05/07. - Gross BA, Du R. Natural history of cerebral arterio-
venous malformations: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg.
2013;118(2):437–43. Epub 2012/12/04. - Brown RD Jr, Wiebers DO, Forbes GS. Unruptured
intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malforma-
tions: frequency of intracranial hemorrhage and rela-
tionship of lesions. J Neurosurg. 1990;73(6):859–63.
Epub 1990/12/01. - Crawford PM, West CR, Chadwick DW, Shaw
MD. Arteriovenous malformations of the brain: natu-
ral history in unoperated patients. J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatry. 1986;49(1):1–10. Epub 1986/01/01. - Graf CJ, Perret GE, Torner JC. Bleeding from cere-
bral arteriovenous malformations as part of their
natural history. J Neurosurg. 1983;58(3):331–7.
Epub 1983/03/01. - Stapf C, Mast H, Sciacca RR, et al. Predictors of
hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arterio-
venous malformation. Neurology. 2006;66(9):1350–
5. Epub 2006/05/10. - Symon L, Tacconi L, Mendoza N, Nakaji
P. Arteriovenous malformations of the posterior fossa:
a report on 28 cases and review of the literature. Br
J Neurosurg. 1995;9(6):721–32. Epub 1995/01/01. - Stein KP, Wanke I, Forsting M, et al. Associated
aneurysms in infratentorial arteriovenous malforma-
M.Y.S. Kalani and R.F. Spetzler