Chromogranins from Cell Biology to Physiology and Biomedicine

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Table 1 Cardiac effects and mechanism of action of CGA-derived peptides (ND = Not Detected)

CgA-

derived

peptides

Basal

condition

Adrenergic

stimulation

Signalling

principles

involved

Frank-

Starling

response

References

Frog

VS-1 Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

Ca2+ and K+

channels

ND Corti et al.

( 2002 , 2004 )

Tota et al.

( 2004 )

VS-2 Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

ND ND Corti et al.

( 2002 )

CgA 7–57 Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

Ca2+ and K+

channels

cytoskeleton

ND Corti et al.

( 2002 , 2004 )

Tota et al.

( 2004 )

Mazza et al.

( 2007 )

bCgA 1–40SS Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

ND ND Tota et al.

( 2003 )

bCgA 1–40SH No effect Anti- adrenergic

action

ND ND Tota et al.

( 2003 )

bCgA 4–16 Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

ND ND Tota et al.

( 2003 )

fCGA 4–16 No effect Anti- adrenergic

action

ND ND Tota et al.

( 2003 )

bCgA 47–66 Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

ND ND Tota et al.,

(2003)

fCgA 47–66 Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

ND ND Tota et al.

( 2003 )

CST Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

EE-NOS–NO–

cGMP cascade,

ETB receptors

Positive

modulation

Mazza et al.

( 2008 , 2012 )

Eel

VS-1 Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

Ca2+ and K+

channels

EE-NO-cGMP

cascade,

cytoskeleton

ND Imbrogno

et al. ( 2004 )

Tota et al.

( 2004 )

Mazza et al.

( 2007 )

VS-2 Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

ND ND Imbrogno

et al. ( 2004 )

CgA 7–57 Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

Ca2+ and K+

channels

ND Imbrogno

et al, ( 2004 )

Tota et al.

( 2004 )

CST Negative

inotropism

Anti- adrenergic

action

β3-AR-Gi/o- -

NO- cGMP

cascade

Positive

modulation

Imbrogno

et al. ( 2010 )

A. Gattuso et al.