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Abbreviations
A/R Anoxia/Reoxygenation
Akt Serine/threonine protein kinase
AMI Acute Myocardial Infarction
BNP Brain Natriuretic Peptide
CgA Chromogranin A
cGMP/PKG Cyclic guanosin monophosphate/protein kinase G
Chr Chromofungin
CST Catestatin
eNOS Endothelial NO synthase
ERK1/2 Extracellular regulated kinase 1/2
GSK3β Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β
H 2 O 2 Hydrogen peroxide
IP Ischemic Preconditioning
JAK Janus Kinase
LVDP end Diastolic Left Ventricular Pressure
MPG Mercaptopropionyl Glycine
MEK Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
mitoKAT P mitochondrial ATP-dependent K+ channels
mPTP Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
NO Nitric oxide
O 2 − Superoxide Anion
ONOO− Peroxynitrite
P70S6K p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKC Protein kinase C
PKG Protein kinase G
PLC Phospholipase C
PostC Postconditioning
RISK Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase
RNS Reactive Nitrogen Species
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
SAFE Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement
PIP3 Phosphatidylinositol Triphosphate
Serp Serpinin
SNO S-nitrosylation
STAT3 Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
VS-1 Vasostatin 1
VS-2 Vasostatin 2
C. Penna and P. Pagliaro