66
Helle KB (2010) Chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II as prohormones for regulatory pep-
tides from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Results Probl Cell Differ 50:21–44
Helle KB, Serck-Hanssen G (1975) The adrenal medulla: a model for studies of hormonal and
neuronal storage and release mechanisms. Mol Cell Biochem 6(2):127–146
Helle KB, Corti A, Metz-Boutigue MH, Tota B (2007) The endocrine role for chromogranin A:
a prohormone for peptides with regulatory properties. Cell Mol Life Sci 64(22):2863–2886
Hilchie AL, Wuerth K, Hancock RE (2013) Immune modulation by multifaceted cationic host
defense (antimicrobial) peptides. Nat Chem Biol 9(2):761–768
Hook VY, Metz-Boutigue MH (2002) Protein trafficking to chromaffin granules and proteolytic
processing within regulated secretory vesicles of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. Ann N Y
Acad Sci 971:397–405
Hook VY, Eiden LE, Brownstein MJ (1982) A carboxypeptidase processing enzyme for enkepha-
lin precursors. Nature 295(5847):341–342
Jansson AM, Røsjø H, Omland T, Karlsson T, Hartford M, Flyvbjerg A et al (2009) Prognostic value
of circulating chromogranin A levels in acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 30(1):25–32
Larkin EA, Carman RJ, Krakauer T, Stiles BG (2009) Staphylococcus aureus: the toxic presence
of a pathogen extraordinaire. Curr Med Chem 16(30):4003–4019
Lauhio A, Hastbacka J, Pettila V, Tervahartiala T, Karlsson S, Varpula T et al (2011) Serum MMP-
8, −9 and TIMP- 1 in sepsis: high serum levels of MMP- 8 and TIMP-1 are associated with
fatal outcome in a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Hypothetical impact of tetracyclines.
Pharmacol Res 64(6):590–594
Lee WL, Downey GP (2000) Coagulation inhibitors in sepsis and disseminated intravascular coag-
ulation. Intensive Care Med 26(11):1701–1706
Lugardon K, Raffner R, Goumon Y, Corti A, Delmas A, Bulet P et al (2000) Antibacterial and
antifungal activities of vasostatin-1, the N-terminal fragment of chromogranin a. J Biol Chem
275(15):10745–10753
Lugardon K, Chasserot-Golaz S, Kieffer AE, Maget-Dana R, Nullans G, Kieffer B et al (2001)
Structural and biological characterization of chromofungin, the antifungal chromogranin
A-(47-66)-derived peptide. J Biol Chem 276(38):35875–35882
Maget-Dana R, Metz-Boutigue MH, Helle KB (2002) The N-terminal domain of chromogranin A
(CgA1-40) interacts with monolayers of membrane lipids of fungal and mammalian composi-
tions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 971:352–354
Mahata SK, O'Connor DT, Mahata M, Yoo SH, Taupenot L, Wu H et al (1997) Novel autocrine
feedback control of catecholamine release. A discrete chromogranin A fragment is a noncom-
petitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. J Clin Invest 100(6):1623–1633
Manners JM (2007) Hidden weapons of microbial destruction in plant genomes. Genome Biol
8(9):225
Metz-Boutigue MH, Garcia-Sablone P, Hogue-Angeletti R, Aunis D (1993) Intracellular and
extracellular processing of chromogranin A. Determination of cleavage sites. Eur J Biochem
217(1):247–257
Metz-Boutigue MH, Goumon Y, Lugardon K, Strub JM, Aunis D (1998) Antibacterial peptides are
present in chromaffin cell secretory granules. Cell Mol Neurobiol 18(2):249–266
Montero-Hadjadje M, Vaingankar S, Elias S, Tostivint H, Mahata SK, Anouar Y (2008)
Chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II: evolutionary and functional aspects. Acta
Physiol (Oxf) 192(2):309–324
Nakano I, Funakoshi A, Miyasaka K, Ishida K, Makk G, Angwin P et al (1989) Isolation and char-
acterization of bovine pancreastatin. Regul Pept 25(2):207–213
Nikou GC, Marinou K, Thomakos P, Papageorgiou D, Sanzanidis V, Nikolaou P et al (2008)
Chromogranin A levels in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of 42 patients with non-
functioning pancreatic endocrine tumours. Pancreatology 8(4–5):510–519
O’Connor DT, Bernstein KN (1984) Radioimmunoassay of chromogranin A in plasma as a mea-
sure of exocytotic sympathoadrenal activity in normal subjects and patients with pheochromo-
cytoma. N Engl J Med 311(12):764–770
M.-H. Metz-Boutigue and F. Schneider