Glaucomys sabrinus 93G. s. canescens—northeastern portion of North Dakota
(USA), extending over the border into Minnesota (USA)
and Manitoba (Canada). This is the palest of the subspe-
cies. It resembles G. s. macrotis, but G. s. canescens has a
grayer head. The upperparts and feet are pale, and the
underparts are whiter than in G. s. sabrinus.
G. s. coloratus—small region straddling the border of North
Carolina and Tennessee (USA). The dorsum is between
cinnamon brown and mikado brown (from Ridgway
color standards), and the underparts are pale yellow or-
ange to ochraceous buff. The underside of the tail is suf-
fused with orange, with the tail sooty along the edges of
the distal half and at the tip. The sides of the face are gray
washed with buff.
G. s. columbiensis—Canada and USA, in the “interior valleys
and foothills of southern British Columbia and northern
Washington, from Shuswap Lake and Cranbrook, British
Columbia, south to Lake Chelan, Washington” (Howell).
This form is known as the Okanagan fl ying squirrel. The
upperparts are vinaceous cinnamon to vinaceous fawn.
It is paler above and below than G. s. oregonensis.
G. s. fl aviventris—uppermost strip of northern California
(USA), from the Trinity Mountains in Siskiyou and Trin-
ity counties east to the Warner Mountains in Modoc
County. Known as the yellow-bellied fl ying squirrel, this
form is smaller than G. s. klamathensis, with more yellow
on the feet and underparts, which are white washed
with pale greenish yellow, merging into wood brown
along the sides.
G. s. fuliginosus—Canada and USA, in the “Cascade Range,
from southern British Columbia south through Wash-
ington and Oregon to the Siskiyou Mountains, Califor-
nia” (Howell). Known as the Cascade fl ying squirrel, this
form resembles G. s. columbiensis, but it is browner above,
darker below, and less brown on the tail. G. s. fuliginosus
is less rufescent than G. s. oregonensis.
G. s. fuscus—West Virginia (USA). This form is smaller and
darker, with clear gray cheeks.
G. s. goodwini—tip of the Québec peninsula, north of New
Brunswick, on the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada). This
form has a “sayal brown to avellaneous” back (Howell).
The underparts are light pinkish cinnamon, and the feet
are dark fuscous. It is grayer on the face and cheeks than
G. s. gouldi, with a darker and duller winter coat. It is
paler than G. s. makkovikensis. The tail is smoke gray and
slightly darker brown toward the tip, with the underside
of the tail smoke gray to dull cinnamon buff.
G. s. gouldi—Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia (Can-
ada). The dorsal area is buff y brown to dull orange cin-
namon. The underparts are white, with the hairs slightly
buff y at the tips. The dorsal surface of the tail is dull cin-
namon, and the ventral side is pinkish buff. The feet are
a pale fuscous. The coat color is brighter and the tail is
paler (above and below) than in both G. s. macrotis and G.
s. goodwini.
G. s. griseifrons—Lake Bay, in Prince of Wales Island, Alaska
(USA). This form is similar to G. s. zaphaeus, but the up-
perparts of G. s. griseifrons are slightly darker colored,
including the tail, hind feet, and gliding membrane. The
underparts are more whitish and less buff y, and the sides
of the head and neck are more extensively grayish.
G. s. klamathensis—central Oregon, east of the Cascade
Mountains (USA). Known as the Klamath fl ying squirrel,
this form resembles G. s. fuliginosus, but G. s. klamathensis
is grayer on the upperparts.
G. s. lascivus—USA, in the “Sierra Nevada Range and north-
ward to eastern Shasta Co., California” (Howell). Known
as the Sierra fl ying squirrel, this form is similar to G. s.
fl aviventris, but smaller and without a yellow suff usion
on the underparts. Instead, the underparts are grayish
white with a faint wash of light pink cinnamon.
G. s. latipes—Canada and USA, in the “Selkirk Range, and
other ranges in southeastern British Columbia, higher
mountains of northern Idaho and northwestern Mon-
tana; south to Mullan and Orofi no, Idaho” (Howell).
Known as the broad-footed fl ying squirrel, this form is
relatively large. It is similar to G. s. fuliginosus, though G.
s. latipes is darker and grayer, and the upperparts are drab
mixed with brown.
G. s. lucifugus—Utah (USA). This form is most similar to G. s.
bangsi, but G. s. lucifugus is paler, with less red and more
gray, especially on the face. The feet are drabber; the
underparts are whitish, lacking the pinkish cinnamon
tone.
G. s. macrotis—Canada and USA, in “New Brunswick, Maine,
New Hampshire, Vermont, northern Pennsylvania, south-
ern Ontario, northern part of Michigan, and northeast-
ern Wisconsin; west to Elk River, Minnesota” (Howell).
Known as the Mearns fl ying squirrel, this form tends to
be on the smaller side. The ears are slightly longer than
typical, the upperparts and hind feet are pale cinnamon,
and the underparts are white with irregular washes of
light pinkish cinnamon.
G. s. makkovikensis—Canada, in the “coast region of Labra-
dor and eastern Québec; exact limits unknown” (How-
ell). Known as the Labrador fl ying squirrel, this form is
slightly larger than typical. It has darker upperparts, feet,
and a darker face and tail.
G. s. murinauralis—southwestern region of Utah (USA). This
form resembles G. s. lucifugus, but G. s. murinauralis has
upperparts that are more yellowish orange. The head,
face, and hind feet are grayer; the dorsal surface of the