supercoiling
energetics 47
linkage 46
linking numberLk 46
super-helical density
46
topological winding number TW 46
writhing number Wr 46
tandem repeat
human RNA gene clusters 213
TATA binding protein, TBP
eukaryotic transcription 227
TATA box
A-DNA/B-DNA continuum 36
telomerase
chromosome end lengthening 235
inhibition 376, 377
telomere
eukaryotic chromosome 218–219
protection of telomere protein,
Pot1 396–397
quadruplex structure 375
temozolomide
anti-cancer drug 129
termination
prokaryotic transcription 224
tetranucleotide hypothesis
DNA history 3
therapeutic oligonucleotides
antisense 193–196
thermostable DNA polymerase
DNA sequencing 168
6-thio-2-deoxyguanosine
nucleoside analogue, synthesis 96, 97
6-thioguanine
anti-cancer agent 126
thymidine, 2-deoxy
nucleoside & nucleotides 15–16
thymidine
ribothymidine in tRNA 14, 258
thymidine kinase
drug activation 135
thymidylate synthase
drug target 122, 123
thymine
base structure 14
Todd, A.
nucleic acid research 4
toyocamycin
nucleoside analogue 96
transcription
DNA-RNA heteroduplex
formation 225
enhancers 228–9
eukaryotic 226
eukaryotic initiation 227
heat inducible 227
initiation 224, 225, 228
insulators 228–9
prokaryotic 224
proofreading 224, 237, 332
RNA polymerase “bubble” 410
silencers 228
template strand 225, 332
transcription factor
TFIID 227
transformation
gene cloning 170
transgenic animals
DNA injection into egg 192, 193
transient protection 145
translation
elongation factor 276
‘in-frame’ 288
initiation 278
initiation complex 278
initiation eukaryotic vsviral 289
initiation factor 276
peptidyl transfer reaction 279
release factor 276
transport
RNA 280
transposable elements
repetitious DNA 216
transposon tagging
gene cloning 172
triple-helical DNA
ligand binding 372
psoralen probe 319
structure 50, 51
synthetic oligonucleotide for gene
expression block 317
triple-stranded RNA
structure 64
triplet code
protein biosynthesis 7, 273
tRNA
acceptor stem 275
adapter molecule 275
aminoacylation 275
anticodon loop 274
anticodon loop 275
charged 275
cloverleaf structure 275
cognate amino acid 274
cognate synthetase recognition 276
D-loop 275
L-shape tertiary fold 275
protein mimics 277
ribosomal translocation 278
secondary structure 258
T C loop 275
variable loop 275
tRNA translocation
hybrid states model 278
tubercidin
nucleoside analogue 96UDP-hexoses
synthesis 112, 113ultraviolet absorption 428–429
extinction coefficients of bases 19
hypochromicity 428
purines & pyrimidines 428
uracil 14
uridine
nucleoside & nucleotides 15–16
uridine, 2-deoxy
DNA damage & repair 317, 328
uridine, 2-deoxy-5-fluoro-
error-prone PCR 191
thymidylate synthase
inhibition 122–123
uridine, 2-deoxy-2-difluoro
TDG glycosylase inhibition 329van der Waals
3.4Å base pair separation 349
DNA models 25, 26, 32
minor groove contacts 363, 365, 368
van der Waals forces
in protein DNA interactions 390
viral RNA
structure 283
viral RNA function
bacteriophage packaging motor 283
viroids
virus replication 286
virus
eukaryotic 219
genome 219
life cycle 220
RNA 220
virus capsid shell
viral protein envelope 283, 285
Vorbrüggen, H.
glycosylation 82Wallace rule
calculation of Tm 180
Watson, J.
DNA structure 6
Watson-Crick base pairing 7, 17
adenines with thymine
photodimer 318
codon-anticodon recognition 274
DNA polymerase fidelity 410
human mismatch repair 331
in RNA tertiary structure 257
in triplex DNA 372
O^6 -MeG:T base mispair 325
W-DNA
structure 45
Wilkins, M.
DNA structure 6
wobble base pairing 16
G:U wobble in RNA 255
O^6 -MeG:C and DNA polymerase 325
writhing DNA
unusual DNA structure 39Subject Index 469