[E] overall enzyme concentration (ML−^3 )
εm porosity (dimensionless)
σobs observed solute rejection (dimensionless)[Prot]p concentration of protein in the permeate (ML−^3 )
[Prot]r concentration of protein in the retentate (ML−^3 )
σreal solute rejection taking into account the concentration
polarisation process (dimensionless)
A area (L2)
Amemb membrane area (L2)
Ap area of a pore (L^2 )
Acm circular area of the membrane section (L^2 )
Acp circular area of the pore section (L^2 )
AT total porous area (L^2 )
Cp permeate concentration (ML−^3 )
Cr retentate or recirculate concentration (ML−^3 )
dp pore diameter (L)
E/E 0 relative activity (dimensionless)
ET total amount of enzyme (M)
F molar flow rate (MT−^1 )
F 0 feed molar flow rate (MT−^1 )
F 1 molar flow rate at the module entrance (MT−^1 )
Fr recirculated molar flow rate (MT−^1 )
J filtration flux (LT−^1 )
K equilibrium constant (dimensionless)
kcat catalytic constant (T−^1 )
Kd deactivation constant (T−^1 )
Km Michaelis-Menten constant for the substrate (ML−^3 )
Kp Michaelis-Menten constant for the product (ML−^3 )
Lp membrane permeability (L^2 M−^1 T)
lP pore length (L)
N number of cycles (dimensionless)
np number of pores (dimensionless)
np total total number of pores (dimensionless)
P product concentration (ML−^3 )
Pe specific productivity (L^3 T−^1 )Protads protein adsorbed onto the membrane (M)
Multiphase bioreactor design 228