The Evolution of Pragmatic Markers in English Pathways of Change

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upon a process of conversational implicature (Evans 2007 : 374; Dancygier and
Sweetser 2005 : 218) or is “hypothetical” (Heine 2012 ).
Considering its analogy with insubordinated clauses, if I  may/ might say
might also be assumed to originate in a biclausal structure, in which the main
clause is the “implicit speech act” of the indirect conditional (Quirk et  al.
1985 : 1089) or the paraphrased apodosis of relevance conditionals ( I want you
to know that, I inform you that ) (Sweetser 1990 : 119, 120) (see above, Sections
8.2.2 and 8.2.2.1 ). Quirk et al. ( 1985 : 1089) suggest the following type of main
clause:


She’s far too considerate, if I may say so  =
I’m telling you , if I may, that she’s far too considerate

Despite the intuitive plausibility of this proposed reconstruction, we do not fi nd
historical evidence. Both Middle English and Early Modern English contain
elliptical clauses if I may/ might (as in 13), but no examples of these occurring
with main clause speech act constructions (such as I say to you ).


(13) a. But I will, if I may , satisfi e these men with the same reason that perswaded
me (1596 Barletti, The historie of George Castriot [EEBO])
b. and if I may , I  will give an end to the long pains of these Lovers (1640
Duverdier, The love and armes of the Greeke princes [EEBO])


In its earliest attestations, if I  may/ might say so appears to be syntactically
independent and fully pragmaticalized, although there may be greater cogni-
zance of its literal meaning than in contemporary English, as shown by (10d)
“if I may say so, And why may I not ....”


8.2.3.2 Semantic Development. The semantic development of the
comment clause if I may/ might say so may be presumed to followed the cor-
related paths of change proposed by Traugott and Dasher ( 2002 : 40, 281)
from content > procedural and from nonsubjective (objective) > subjective >
intersubjective meaning (see Traugott 2003b : 135, 2010 : 35). As discussed
in the previous section, the change from literal (content) meaning (the direct
conditional ‘if I am able/ permitted to speak’) to pragmatic meaning (the epi-
stemic and politeness functions) seems to have occurred already by the earliest
examples.
We also postulate an increase in subjectivity , defi ned as meanings that
are “based in the [speaker/ writer]’s subjective belief state or attitude toward
what is being said and how it is being said” (Traugott 2003b : 125), and inter-
subjectivity , defi ned as “the explicit expression of the [speaker/ writer]’s
attention to the ‘self’ of addressee/ reader in both an epistemic sense (paying


8.2 If I May/Might Say So
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