Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wild Pigs and Peccaries

Table 29.2

Current ecosystems and protected areas invaded by wild boar (

Sus scrofa

) and range of invasion overlapping native peccaries

Pecari tajacu

and

Ta yassu p e ca r i

in South America.

Biome

a

Ecosystem

a

Invasion

Protected areas

b

Peccary range overlap

c (%)

km

2

%

Potential

Confirmed

Original

Extinct

n

%

n

%

P. tajacu

T. pecari

P. tajacu

T. pecari

TSBF-M

Alto Paraná Atlantic forests

126 073

25.8

85

38.1

2

0.9

25.8

0.6

1.7

Araucaria moist forests

65 219

30.1

28

28.3

16

16.2

30.1

12.9

Atlantic Coast restingas

507

6.7

2

8.7

0

0.0

7.4

6.9

7.1

6.9

Bahia coastal forests

2 375

2.1

10

9.0

0

0.0

2.1

Bahia interior forests

11 275

4.9

15

20.8

0

0.0

4.9

0.1

Serra do Mar coastal forests

12 114

10.8

64

23.6

4

1.5

10.6

10.8

0.5

Subtotal

217 562

2.4

182

7.9

22

1.0

2.6

2.5

<0.1

0.4

TSBF-D

Atlantic dry forests

2 501

2.2

0

0.0

2.2

0.2

Chiquitano dry forests

4 300

1.8

1

2.2

0

0.0

1.8

Subtotal

6 801

1.0

1

0.5

0

0.0

1.3

<0.1

TBMF

Valdivian temperate forests

122 015

45.2

57

51.8

20

18.2

Subtotal

122 015

27.6

57

38.3

20

13.4

TSGSS

Campos Rupestres montane savanna

3 422

12.8

12

27.9

3

7.0

12.8

0.6

Cerrado

347 040

17.9

93

27.5

3

0.9

17.9

<0.1

Dry Chaco

60 133

7.5

7

12.1

4

6.9

5.6

1.3

0.3

1.3

Humid Chaco

62 362

21.3

4

12.9

1

3.2

21.3

17.4

20.9

Uruguayan savanna

263 499

74.8

33

63.5

2

3.8

45.5

45.3

45.5

45.3

Subtotal

736 456

18.1

149

23.6

13

2.1

13.8

13.2

3.2

3.7

TGSS

Espinal

240 746

80.3

22

100.0

7

31.8

61.8

70.6

45.3

70.6

Humid Pampas

385 407

96.2

37

94.9

6

15.4

97.5

100.0

88.3

100.0

Low Monte

217 430

61.1

20

55.6

5

13.9

Patagonian steppe

109 256

18.5

20

25.3

2

2.5

Subtotal

952 838

57.9

93

56.0

20

12.0

76.2

71.9

62.6

71.9

FGS

Pantanal

10 683

6.2

2

6.2

0

0.0

6.2

Paraná flooded savanna

31 952

86.5

23

76.7

3

10.0

82.3

76.9

82.3

76.9

Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna

124

0.5

2

33.3

0

0.0

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.5

Subtotal

42 760

17.5

27

36.5

3

4.1

14.5

12.0

9.9

7.3

MGS

High Monte

3 581

3.0

4

17.4

1

4.3

Southern Andean steppe

32 378

23.8

11

36.7

0

0.0

Subtotal

35 959

4.0

12

4.0

1

0.3

MFWS

Chilean matorral

4 250

2.9

1

2.8

0

0.0

Subtotal

4 250

2.9

1

2.8

0

0.0

DXS

Caatinga

8 475

1.2

1

1.0

0

0.0

1.2

1.1

Subtotal

8 475

0.7

1

0.4

0

0.0

1.0

Others

d

171

<0.1

South America

2 127 288

459

13.0

91

2.6

6.9

5.8

2.2

1.8

aBiomes and ecosystems according to Olson et al. (2001): TSBF-M (Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests), TSBF-D (Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests), TBMF (Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests), TSGSS (Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands), TGSS (Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands), FGS (Flooded Grasslands & Savannas), MGS (Montane Grasslands & Shrublands), MFWS (Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub), and DXS (Deserts & Xeric Shrublands).bAll categories of Protected Areas in IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (2016).cPeccary distribution according to IUCN (2010).dEcosystems within the wild boar range, but under limited use by the species or irrelevant: water body, ice, rocks, and mangroves.

.031

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Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wild Pigs and Peccaries

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