Table 29.2
Current ecosystems and protected areas invaded by wild boar (
Sus scrofa
) and range of invasion overlapping native peccaries
Pecari tajacu
and
Ta yassu p e ca r i
in South America.
Biome
a
Ecosystem
a
Invasion
Protected areas
b
Peccary range overlap
c (%)
km
2
%
Potential
Confirmed
Original
Extinct
n
%
n
%
P. tajacu
T. pecari
P. tajacu
T. pecari
TSBF-M
Alto Paraná Atlantic forests
126 073
25.8
85
38.1
2
0.9
25.8
25.8
0.6
1.7
Araucaria moist forests
65 219
30.1
28
28.3
16
16.2
30.1
30.1
12.9
Atlantic Coast restingas
507
6.7
2
8.7
0
0.0
7.4
6.9
7.1
6.9
Bahia coastal forests
2 375
2.1
10
9.0
0
0.0
2.1
2.1
Bahia interior forests
11 275
4.9
15
20.8
0
0.0
4.9
4.9
0.1
Serra do Mar coastal forests
12 114
10.8
64
23.6
4
1.5
10.6
10.8
0.5
Subtotal
217 562
2.4
182
7.9
22
1.0
2.6
2.5
<0.1
0.4
TSBF-D
Atlantic dry forests
2 501
2.2
0
0.0
2.2
2.2
0.2
Chiquitano dry forests
4 300
1.8
1
2.2
0
0.0
1.8
1.8
Subtotal
6 801
1.0
1
0.5
0
0.0
1.3
1.3
<0.1
TBMF
Valdivian temperate forests
122 015
45.2
57
51.8
20
18.2
Subtotal
122 015
27.6
57
38.3
20
13.4
TSGSS
Campos Rupestres montane savanna
3 422
12.8
12
27.9
3
7.0
12.8
12.8
0.6
Cerrado
347 040
17.9
93
27.5
3
0.9
17.9
17.9
<0.1
Dry Chaco
60 133
7.5
7
12.1
4
6.9
5.6
1.3
0.3
1.3
Humid Chaco
62 362
21.3
4
12.9
1
3.2
21.3
21.3
17.4
20.9
Uruguayan savanna
263 499
74.8
33
63.5
2
3.8
45.5
45.3
45.5
45.3
Subtotal
736 456
18.1
149
23.6
13
2.1
13.8
13.2
3.2
3.7
TGSS
Espinal
240 746
80.3
22
100.0
7
31.8
61.8
70.6
45.3
70.6
Humid Pampas
385 407
96.2
37
94.9
6
15.4
97.5
100.0
88.3
100.0
Low Monte
217 430
61.1
20
55.6
5
13.9
Patagonian steppe
109 256
18.5
20
25.3
2
2.5
Subtotal
952 838
57.9
93
56.0
20
12.0
76.2
71.9
62.6
71.9
FGS
Pantanal
10 683
6.2
2
6.2
0
0.0
6.2
6.2
Paraná flooded savanna
31 952
86.5
23
76.7
3
10.0
82.3
76.9
82.3
76.9
Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna
124
0.5
2
33.3
0
0.0
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
Subtotal
42 760
17.5
27
36.5
3
4.1
14.5
12.0
9.9
7.3
MGS
High Monte
3 581
3.0
4
17.4
1
4.3
Southern Andean steppe
32 378
23.8
11
36.7
0
0.0
Subtotal
35 959
4.0
12
4.0
1
0.3
MFWS
Chilean matorral
4 250
2.9
1
2.8
0
0.0
Subtotal
4 250
2.9
1
2.8
0
0.0
DXS
Caatinga
8 475
1.2
1
1.0
0
0.0
1.2
1.2
1.1
Subtotal
8 475
0.7
1
0.4
0
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Others
d
171
<0.1
South America
2 127 288
459
13.0
91
2.6
6.9
5.8
2.2
1.8
aBiomes and ecosystems according to Olson et al. (2001): TSBF-M (Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests), TSBF-D (Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests), TBMF (Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests), TSGSS (Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands), TGSS (Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands), FGS (Flooded Grasslands & Savannas), MGS (Montane Grasslands & Shrublands), MFWS (Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub), and DXS (Deserts & Xeric Shrublands).bAll categories of Protected Areas in IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (2016).cPeccary distribution according to IUCN (2010).dEcosystems within the wild boar range, but under limited use by the species or irrelevant: water body, ice, rocks, and mangroves.
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