Table 35.1
Main diseases affecting
Sus scrofa
worldwide: geographic distribution of pig infection, intraspecies and interspecies transmission route, and reported prevalence (for classical swine fever and African
swine fever, no prevalence is provided in case of epizootic events).DiseasePathogen (virus family)Infection in domestic pigTransmission routesReporting country (region)Reporting periodPrevalence reported in wild boar in % (number ofpositive /number tested, when available)ReferencesDiseases representing a threat to wild and domestic pigsClassical swine feverClassical swine fever virus (Flaviviridae)Infection present in Central and South America, eastern and central Europe, Asia, and MadagascarDirect contact through aerosol and semenEUBelgiumOutbreak in 2002Paton & Greiser-Wilke 2003BulgariaOutbreaks in 2004–2009Rossi etal. 2015LatviaOngoing outbreakOIE, 2015FranceOutbreaks in 1992–2007GermanyOutbreaks in 1992–2009Indirect contact through ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs (swill-feeding)HungaryOngoing outbreakItalyOutbreaks in 1985–2002LuxembourgOutbreak in 2002–2003RomaniaOutbreak in 2006–2007SlovakiaOutbreaks in 2005–2008SwitzerlandOutbreak in 1998–2000African swine feverAfrican swine fever virus (Asfarviridae)Infection present in Africa, eastern Europe (since 2007) and Italy (Sardinia)Direct contact through aerosol and semenEUEastern Europe (Armenia, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia)Ongoing outbreakGavier-Widen etal.2015Lithuania, PolandSanchez-Vizcaino et
al. 2013, 2015Russian Federation, UkraineOIE, 2015Indirect contact through ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs (swill-feeding)Through soft tick biteItaly (Sardinia)2006–2010a 5Mur etal. 2014Spain (Andalusia)0 (0a/158)Mur etal. 2012Aujeszky’s diseaseAujeszky’s disease virus (Herpesviridae)Worldwide spreadDirect contact through aerial and venereal route;EUItaly (North)2006–20145 (162a/3260)Chiari etal. 2015Germany (East)200815.9 (1438a/9033)Pannwitz etal. 2012Spain2000–201049.6a (N= 1659)Boadella etal.2012aSwitzerland2008–20130.6 (7a/1228)Meier etal. 2015Indirect contact through aerial routeAmericaUSA2006–200735 (N = 409)Campbell etal.2008South Central TexasBrucellosisBrucella suisWorldwide spreadDirect contact via venereal routeEUFrance2000–200448aRossi etal. 2008;Switzerland2008–201036a; 29b+
cWu etal. 2011Indirect contact via contaminated tissueAmericaUSA1976–20024–44aMeng etal. 2009AsiaJapan.2003–20048 (9a/115)Watarai etal. 2006Diseases shared with livestockBovine tuberculosisMycobacterium bovisWorldwide spreadDirect contact through aerial routeEUFrance (East)2002–20134.0–7.1cPayne etal. 2016Spain (West)2008–20121.5 (19c/1275)Muñoz-Mendoza et
al. 2013; Cowie
et
al. 2016Spain (South Central)1999–200459dIndirect contact via contaminated environmentAmericaHawaïi20061 (5/482)Miller & Sweeney 2013OceaniaNew Zealand1989–199331–32Nugent etal. 20152007–20120.2–0.4 (N = 12,890)Foot and mouth diseaseFoot and mouth disease virus (Picornaviridae)Infection present in Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Russian FederationDirect contact and indirect contact through aerosol. Also possible through fomites and waterEUBulgaria2011–20126.9 (56a/812)Alexandrov etal.2013Turkey2011–201211.5 (22a/192)EFSA, 2015OIE, 2015; Weaver et
al. 2013Diseases shared with humansTrichinellosisTrichinellaspp.Worldwide spreadTransmission by ingestion of infected tissueEUc
France2009–20100 (0e/2442)Payne etal. 2011Spain (Central South)1998–20100.2e (N= 95,070)Boadella etal. 2012bAmericaUSA2012–20131.8 (6e/330)Hill etal. 2014Hepatitis EHepatitis E virus (Hepeviridae)Worldwide spreadTransmission by orofaecal route and ingestion of contaminated tissue, foodstuffs or waterEUBelgium2010–201134a (
N = 383)Thiry etal. 2017Germany200730 (32a/107); 68 (90b/132)Adlhoch etal. 2009France2000–200414 (59a/421)Carpentier etal.2012; Jori etal. 2016Corsica29 (101a/346); 8b/116Spain2003–201016 (165a/1029); 8 (8b/106)Kukielka etal. 2015aAsiaJapan2003–20108 (41a/507); 3 (19b/552)Sato etal. 2011a Serological test;b PCR;c culture;d histology;e diagnostic method: artificial digestion of a sampled muscle..03712:55:54