Heliconius Genome Consortium. 2012. Butterfly genome
reveals promiscuous exchange of mimicry adaptations
among species. Nature 487: 94- 98.
Helson, J. E., T. L. Capson, T. Johns, A. Aiello, and D.
M. Windsor. 2009. Ecological and evolutionary
bioprospecting: Using aposematic insects as guides
to rainforest plants active against disease. Front. Ecol.
Environ. 7: 130– 134.
Herz, H., W. Beyschlag, and B. Hölldobler. 2007a. Assessing
herbivory rates of leaf- cutting ant (Atta colombica) colonies
through short- term refuse deposition counts. Biotropica 39:
476– 481.
———. 2007b. Herbivory rate of leaf- cutting ants in a tropical
moist forest in Panama at the population and ecosystem
scales. Biotropica. 39: 482– 488.
Hölldobler, B., and E. O. Wilson. 1990. The Ants. Cambridge,
MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ.
Hubbell, S. P., J. J. Howard, and D. F. Wiemer. 1984.
Chemical leaf repellency to an attine ant: Seasonal
distribution among potential host plant species. Ecology
65: 1067– 1076.
Hubbell, S. P., D. F. Wiemer, and A. Adejare. 1983. An
antifungal terpenoid defends a Neotropical tree
(Hymenaea) against attack by fungus- growing ants
(Atta). Oecologia 60: 321– 327.
Janzen, D. H. 1966. Coevolution and mutualism between ants
and acacias in Central America. Evolution 20: 249– 275.
———. 1975. Ecology of Plants in the Tropics. London:
Edward Arnold.
———. 1980. Two potential coral snake mimics in a tropical
deciduous forest. Biotropica 12: 77– 78.
———. 1985. Plant defences against animals in the
Amazonian rain forest. In Amazonia, G. T. Prance and T.
E. Lovejoy (eds.). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
Keeler, K. H. 1980. Distribution of plants with extrafloral nectaries
in temperate communities. Amer. Midl. Nat. 104: 274– 280.
Krieger, R. I., L. P. Feeny, and C. F. Wilkinson. 1971.
Detoxication enzymes in the guts of caterpillars: An
evolutionary answer to plant defenses? Science 172: 579– 581.
Kursar, T. A., and Coley, P. D. 2003. Convergence in defense
syndromes of young leaves in tropical rainforests.
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31: 929– 949.
Kursar, T. A., and 10 other authors. 2008. Linking insights
from basic research with bioprospecting in order to
promote conservation, enhance research capacity and
provide economic uses of biodiversity. In Tropical Forest
Community Ecology, W. Carson and S. Schnitzer (eds.).
New York: Wiley- Blackwell.
Levin, D. A. 1971. Plant phenolics: An ecological perspective.
Amer. Nat. 105: 157– 181.
———. 1976. Alkaloid- bearing plants: An ecogeographic
perspective. Amer. Nat. 110: 261– 284.
Marquis, R. J. 1984. Leaf herbivores decrease fitness of a
tropical plant. Science 226: 537– 539.
Maxson, L. R., and C. W. Myers. 1985. Albumin evolution
in tropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae): A preliminary
report. Biotropica 17: 50– 56.
Milton, K. 1979. Factors influencing leaf choice by howler
monkeys: A test of some hypotheses of food selection by
generalist herbivores. Amer. Nat. 114: 362– 378.
———. 1981. Food choice and digestive strategies of two
sympatric primate species. Amer. Nat. 117: 496– 505.
———. 1982. Dietary quality and demographic regulation
in a howler monkey population. In The Ecology of a
Tropical Forest, E. G. Leigh Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M.
Windsor (eds.). Wash., DC: Smithsonian Inst. Press.
Moffett, M. W. 1995a. Poison- dart frogs. Nat. Geog. 187: 98– 111.
Müller, F. 1879. Ituna and Thyridis: A remarkable case of
mimicry in butterflies. Proc. Ent. Soc. London 1879: 20– 29.
Myers, C. W., and J. W. Daly. 1983. Dart- poison frogs. Sci.
Ame r. 248: 120– 133.
Nathanson, J. A. 1984. Caffeine and related methylxanthines:
Possible naturally occurring pesticides. Science 226: 184– 186.
Ness, J. H., W. F. Morris, and J. L. Bronstein. 2009. For ant-
protected plants, the best defense is a hungry offense.
Ecology 90: 2823– 2831.
Nijhout, H. 1994. Developmental perspectives on evolution of
butterfly mimicry. Bioscience 44: 148– 157.
Oliveira, P. S., and H. F. Leitao- Filho. 1987. Extrafloral
nectaries: Their taxonomic distribution and abundance in
the woody flora of cerrado vegetation in southeast Brazil.
Biotropica 19: 140– 148.
Pfennig, D. W., W. R. Harcombe, and K. S. Pfennig. 2001.
Frequency- dependent Batesian mimicry. Nature 410: 323.
Rathcke, B. J., and R. W. Poole. 1975. Coevolutionary race
continues: Butterfly larval adaptation to plant trichomes.
Science 187: 175– 176.
Rudgers, J. A., and M. C. Gardener. 2004. Extrafloral nectar as
a resource mediating multispecies interactions. Ecology 85:
1495– 1502.
Smiley, J. T. 1985. Heliconius caterpillar mortality during
establishment on plants with and without attending ants.
Ecology 66: 845– 849.
Smith, S. M. 1975. Innate recognition of coral snake pattern
by a possible avian predator. Science 187: 759– 760.
———. 1977. Coral snake pattern rejection and stimulus
generalisation by naive great kiskadees (Aves:
Tyrannidae). Nature 265: 535– 536.
Steppuhn, A., K. Gase, B. Krock, R. Halitschke, and I. T.
Baldwin. 2004. Nicotine’s defensive function in nature.
PLoS Biology 2(8): 217.
Turner, J. R. G. 1971. Studies of Müllerian mimicry and its
evolution in burnet moths and heliconid butterfiies.
In Ecological Genetics and Evolution, R. Creed (ed.).
Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific.
———. 1975. A tale of two butterflies. Nat. Hist. 84: 29– 37.
———. 1981. Adaptation and evolution in Heliconius: A
defense of neo- Darwinism. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 12: 99– 121.406 further reading further reading