satellite imagery: 377
savanna: 30, 39, 49, 73, 86–7, 91, 103, 124–5, 128–31, 138, 171,
175, 215, 250–9, 264, 283, 296, 303–4, 308–12, 338, 377,
384–5
Schoener, T.: 144
Schultes, R. E.: 373–5
scorpion: 26, 358, 363–4, 389
screamer: 226–7, 263; Horned (Anhima cornuta), 226–7;
Northern (Chauna chavaria), 227; Southern (Chauna
torquata), 227
scrub: 254; sandbar, 210–12, 145
scythebill: 300; Brown-billed (Campylorhamphus pusillus), 299.
See also woodcreeper
search image: 59, 289, 356
season: 20, 30–7, 40, 74–8, 83, 86, 100, 104, 106–7, 110, 135,
138, 140, 205, 207, 209, 212–3, 236–7, 250–4, 256–7, 259,
389
Sechura Desert: 244
sedges: 171, 215, 250–1, 256, 259; Eleocharis spp., 256
seed bank: 96, 98, 104, 109
seed shadow: 157–8, 162
seed: 47–9; dispersal of, 35, 48, 54, 96–7, 104, 107–9, 118, 149,
155–8, 162–3, 169–70, 179, 209, 213, 242, 267, 285, 318,
322, 330, 377, 380–2, 386; predator of, 47, 106, 156, 158,
160, 170, 380
seedeater: 279, 306; Variable (Sporophila corvina), 279
Seedsnipe, Rufous-bellied (Attagis gayi): 246
Selaginella: 57
selection pressure: 93, 116, 125, 128, 138, 148–9, 152, 163, 169,
171, 173, 179, 185, 188, 194–5, 197–8, 202–3, 289, 383
Selva Verde, Costa Rica: 25
Seriema, Red-legged (Cariama cristata): 255–6
sexual dichromatism: 163
sexual selection: 159, 163–5, 168, 286–7, 327, 360
shaman: 365, 373–5
shifting mosaic: 40, 95
Silman, M.: 160
Siona-Secoya Indian community: 368
siskin: 307
Skimmer, Black (Rynchops niger): 210, 221
skunk: 132, 341; Eastern Spotted (Spilogale putorius), 341; hog-
nosed (Conepatus spp.), 341; Hooded (Mephitis macroura),
341
Skutch, A. F.: 152, 293
Slatyer, R. O.: 153
sloth: 110, 119, 131–2, 150, 177, 181, 263, 335–7; Brown-
throated Three-toed (Bradypus variegatus), 67–8, 119, 335;
Hoffmann’s Two-toed (Choloepus hoffmanni), 58, 336; giant
ground, 48, 132; ground, 119, 131–2
Smilodon: 133
Smithsonian Institution: 380
snail: 55, 138, 310; apple (Pomacea spp.), 259
snake: 26–7, 43, 59–60, 69, 113, 117, 138, 181, 185–6, 216–7,
346–51; anaconda, 180, 215–7, 350; Bicolored Coral
(Micrurus nigrocinctus), 350; Blunthead Tree (Imantodes
cenchoa), 60, 351; boa constrictor (Boa constrictor),68–9, 180–1, 254, 351; Bushmaster (Lachesis muta),
347–9; Cantil, 346; constrictors, 350–1; Cope’s Parrot
(Leptophis depressirostris), 26; Copperhead (Agkistrodon
contortrix), 346–7; coral (Micrurus spp.), 186–7, 198,
346, 349–50; Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus),
347; Emerald Tree Boa (Corallus canina), 351; Eyelash
Palm-Pitviper (Bothriopsis schlegelii), 348–9; False Coral
(Erythrolamprus mimus), 186, 350; fer-de-lance (Bothrops
spp.), 26, 346–8; forest-pitviper (Bothriopsis spp.), 346,
348; Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus), 216, 351; hog-
nosed pitviper (Porthidium; Atropoides spp.), 346, 349;
Indigo (Drymarchon corais), 351; Jararaca, 347–8; Jumping
Pitviper (Atropoides nummifer), 349; king, 186–7, 349;
lancehead (Bothrops spp.), 346–8; Lampropeltis triangulum
hondurensis, 350; Mato Grosso Lancehead (Bothrops
matogrossensis), 346; lancehead pitviper, 346; Mexican
Horned Pitviper, 347; montane pitviper (Porthidium;
Atropoides spp.), 346, 349; Neotropical Rattlesnake (Crotalus
durissus), 349; palm-pitviper (Bothriechis spp.), 346, 348–9;
pitviper (Bothropis spp.), 347, 349; pygmy rattlesnake,
347; Rainbow Boa (Epicrates cenchria), 350–1; rattlesnake,
346–7; Speckled Forest-Pitviper (Bothrops taeniata), 348;
Terciopelo, 347; Two-striped Forest-Pitviper (Bothrops
bilineata), 348; vine (Chironius exoletus), 346; vine (Oxybelis
spp.), 351; Water Moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus), 347;
Yellow Anaconda (Eunectes notaeus), 216–7
snakebite: 364,
Snow, B.: 159, 287
Snow, D: 149, 157–62, 164–6, 287
Soares-Filho, Britaldo: 384
Soberania National Forest/Park, Panama: 21, 179. See also
Canopy Tower
sociality: 158–9, 161, 294
sodium: 82–3, 91, 230, 361
softtail: 298
soil: 81–93, 99, 111, 190, 206, 251–6, 283, 365–6, 369–70, 378,
385; caliche; 252; lateritic arecife, 252
Southern Oscillation. See El Niño/Southern Oscillation
(ENSO)
soybean: 27, 254, 372, 376, 378, 384–5
spadebill (Platyrinchus spp.): 126
sparrow, New World: 307
spatuletail: 276. See also hummingbird
specialization: 125, 145–8, 150, 195, 212, 289, 318
speciation: 114–5, 120, 127–31, 138–42, 213, 289, 315
species richness: 56, 103, 119, 130–1, 134–43, 149–50, 153, 195,
213, 229, 236, 245, 253–4, 280, 293, 301, 320, 355, 372, 379,
380, 382
species: 119–20
spider: 26, 109, 118, 136–8, 143, 181–2, 364; Goliath Birdeater
(Theraphosa blondi), 364; Golden Orb or Banana Spider
(Nephila clavipes), 26; orb-weaving, 118; Spiny Orb Weaver
(Gasteracantha cancriformis), 264; tarantula, 264; wolf, 182
spinetail: 298; Parker’s (Cranioleuca vulpecula), 146; tit-, 298;
White-bellied (Synallaxis propinqua), 146; White-whiskered
(Synallaxis candei), 299
Spoonbill, Roseate (Platalea ajaja): 257index index 429