114 I. M. Ahmed et al.
that will ensure the use of extensive drought- and salt-tolerance gene pools for ce-
real crop improvement.
References
Abdelkader AF, Aronsson H, Solymosi K, Böddi B, Sundqvist C. Chlorophyll accumulation, pro-
tochlorophyllide formation and prolamellar body conversion are held back in wheat leaves
exposed to high salt stress, photosynthesis. Energy from the Sun. Berlin: Springer; 2008.
pp. 1133–6.
Agastian P, Kingsley S, Vivekanandan M. Effect of salinity on photosynthesis and biochemical
characteristics in mulberry genotypes. Photosynthetica. 2000;38:287–90.
Ahmed IM, Dai HX, Zheng W, Cao FB, Zhang GP, Sun DF, Wu FB. Genotypic differences in
physiological characteristics in the tolerance to drought and salinity combined stress between
Tibetan wild and cultivated barley. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2013a;63:49–60.
Ahmed IM, Cao F, Zhang M, Chen X, Zhang G, Wu F. Difference in yield and physiological fea-
tures in response to drought and salinity combined stress during anthesis in Tibetan wild and
cultivated barleys. PloS ONE. 2013b;8(10):e77869.
Ahmed IM, Cao FB, Han Y, Nadira UA, Zhang GP, Wu FB. Differential changes in grain ultra-
structure, amylase, protein and amino acid profiles between Tibetan wild and cultivated barleys
under drought and salinity alone and combined stress. Food Chem. 2013c;141:2743–50.
Ahmed IM, Nadira UA, Bibi N, Cao FB, Zhang GP, Wu FB. Differential changes in leaf physiol-
ogy and secondary metabolism between Tibetan wild and cultivated barleys under drought
and salinity alone and combined stress and subsequent recovery. Environ Expt Bot. 2014 (Ac-
cepted).
Ali R, Abbas H. Response of salt stressed barley seedlings to Phenylurea. Plant Soil Environ.
2003;49:158–62.
Anjum SA, Xie X, Wang L, Saleem MF, Man C, Lei W. Morphological, physiological and bio-
chemical responses of plants to drought stress. Afr J Agric Res. 2011;6:2026–32.
Apel K, Hirt H. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction.
Ann Rev Plant Biol. 2004;55:373–99.
Ashraf M, Foolad M. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resis-
tance. Environ Exp Bot. 2007;59:206–16.
Ashraf M, O’leary J. Responses of some newly developed salt-tolerant genotypes of spring wheat
to salt stress: 1. yield components and ion distribution. J Agron Crop Sci. 1996;176:91–101.
Bahieldin A, Mahfouz HT, Eissa HF, Saleh OM, Ramadan AM, Ahmed IA, Dyer WE, El-Itriby HA
Madkour MA. Field evaluation of transgenic wheat plants stably expressing the HVA1 gene for
drought tolerance. Physiol Planta. 2005;123:421–7.
Ball MC, Farquhar GD. Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of two mangrove species, Ae-
giceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina, to long term salinity and humidity conditions.
Plant Physiol. 1984;74:1–6.
Bartels D, Sunkar R. Drought and salt tolerance in plants. Crit Rev Plant Sci. 2005;24:23–58.
Baik B-K, Ullrich SE. Barley for food: characteristics, improvement, and renewed interest. J Ce-
real Sci. 2008;48(2):233–42.
Baum M, Grando S, Backes G, Jahoor A, Sabbagh A, Ceccarelli S. QTLs for agronomic traits in
the Mediterranean environment identified in recombinant inbred lines of the cross Arta _ H.
spontaneum 41-1. Theor Appl Genet. 2003;107:1215–225.
Bothmer R von, Jacobsen N, Baden C, Jorgensen RB, Linde-Laursen I. An ecogeographical study
of the genus Hordeum. Systematic and ecogeographic studies on crop genepools 7, 2nd ed.
Rome: IPGRI; 1995. p. 129.