Combined Stresses in Plants: Physiological, Molecular, and Biochemical Aspects

9 The Response of Plants to Simultaneous Biotic and Abiotic Stress 193

Plant species

Biotic stress

Abiotic stress

Total VOCs in dual stress

)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateZ(

β-myrcene

)-α-farneseneE, E(

)-β-farneseneE(

linalool

DMNT

Indole

α-bergamontene

TMTT

Geranyl acetate

)-nerolidolE(

β-caryophyllene

)-β-ocimeneE(

Methyl salicylate

1-penten-3-ol

)-Hexen-1-olZ(

)-2-HexenalE(

)-3-HexenalE(

LOX products

α-Thujene

α-Pinene

Sabinene

Limonene

β-Elements

Β-sesquiphellandrene

Bras-sica napus

PX

Elevated O

(^3)
(100
nL/L)
n.s –
n.s –

• 
  


• 
  

n.s –

• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  

n.s n.s n.s n.s n.s –

Bras-sica napus

PX

Elevated CO

(^2)
(750
μL/L)
↑

• 
  

↑

• 
  


• 
  


• 
  

↑

• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

• 
  

Phase-olus lunatus

TU

Elevated O

(150– 3

200

nL/L)

↑

n.s –

• 
  


• 
  


• 
  

↑

• 
  


• 
  

n.s

• 
  


• 
  


• 
  

↑

• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  

Plant pathogens:

SL Spodoptera littorali

, SF Spodoptera frugiperda

, MP Monsoma pulveratum

, PX Plutella xylostella

, TU Tetranychus urticae

n.s.

not

significant,

• 
  

not

determined

in

particular

study,

↕

no

regular

pattern

but

fluctuates

significantly

with

the

stresses,

↑

significant

increase,

↓

significant

decrease,

DMNT

( E

)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene,

TMTT

( E

, E

)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene

Table 9.1

(continued)