included the comparison with our Lactoridaceae age (Table 8.1). The comparisons with
the less inclusive taxa are generally the more appropriate ones, and are also the ones
represented in the chronograms (Figures 8.3–8.6).
Figure 8.3 Chronogram calibrated against the geological timescale (Harland et al. 1990) focusing on
magnoliids. Fossil-based estimates extracted from Magallón and Sanderson (2001) are indicated
with thick bars. The chronogram is based on the analysis using ACCTRAN optimization for
calculating branch lengths, and has been generalized, usually down to family level, to facilitate a
graphical comparison between our molecular-based estimates and the fossil-based estimates
(Magallón and Sanderson 2001). Non-generalized chronograms, indicating age estimates for all
included taxa, have been presented elsewhere (Wikström et al. 2001), and node numbers
correspond to those given there. With few exceptions (taxa marked with ) taxon names follow those
used by Soltis et al. (1999) and arrows indicate nodes that received less than 50 per cent jackknife
support in their phylogenetic analyses (Soltis et al. 1999, 2000). Taxa marked with have been
generalized and named to correspond with the usage of Magallón and Sanderson (2001).
158 ANGIOSPERM DIVERGENCE