Unit 2 Review • MHR 21117.How would the following processes in the
kidney respond to serious dehydration in the
body due to excessive sweating on a hot day?
(a)glomerular filtration
(b)tubular re-absorption
(c)tubular secretion
18.Describe the primary functions of each of the
following sections of a human kidney.
(a)cortex (c)collecting duct
(b)medulla
19.Describe the type of stimulus that would
trigger the following homeostatic reactions.
(a)constriction of blood vessels in the skin
(b)increase in shivering activity
(c)increase in breathing rate
(d)increase in sweating
20.Identify the endocrine glands, hormones, and
symptoms associated with the following
diseases or disorders. (Remember that more
than one type of gland or hormone may be
involved with a single type of ailment.)
(a)gigantism
(b)seasonal affective disorder
(c)Cushing’s syndrome
(d)congenital hypothyroidism
(e)diabetes
(f )acromegaly
(g)goiter
(h)Addison’s disease
(i)Graves’ disease
21.Construct a chart of the following components
of the human immune system. Match each
component with one or more of the following
types of immune function: non-specific
immunity, specific immunity, cellular
immunity, antibody immunity.
(a)the epidermis of the skin
(b)memory B cells
(c)neutrophils
(d)lining of the respiratory tract
(e)monocytes
(f )T lymphocytes
(g)lining of the digestive tract
(h)memory T cells
(i)macrophagesINQUIRY22.Investigate the types of performance-enhancing
substances that are banned in major athletic
competitions, such as the Olympics. Distinguish
between hormone and non-hormone products.
Describe the physiological effects of each
substance on the body. How do they disrupt
normal homeostatic function? Which effects
are temporary or transitory and which can
result in permanent alteration of a body
structure or function?
23.As you have learned, people with Type 1
diabetes must self-administer insulin injections
daily. There are various types of insulin (such
as short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-
acting) that patients may need to use to manage
their blood sugar. Some examples of these
medications are listed below. Investigate the
properties of each type of insulin, and describe
how each is used in the treatment and
management of Type 1 diabetes.
(a)Ultralente insulin(c)NPH insulin
(b)Lente insulin (d)regular insulin
24.Anaphylaxis is a general term that refers to life-
threatening allergic reactions to various types
of environmental triggers, such as peanuts or
other foods, insect stings, and latex. Investigate
four examples of specific stimuli that trigger
anaphylactic shock and the recommended
treatments for each type of reaction.
25.Most types of living cells, from bacteria to
human cells, secrete a substance called “heat
shock protein” when they are under stress. The
chemical structures of all heat shock proteins
are quite similar, regardless of their origin. In
humans, T cells may respond to the presence
of this protein by destroying the cells that