Biology 12

Chapter 1 The Chemistry of Life • MHR 33

MAKING CONNECTIONS

28.Develop a series of questions that should be
asked and answered before a new drug is
approved for public use.

29.Lysosomal diseases, such as Tay-Sachs disease,
are linked to large macromolecules called
muccopolysaccharides that are produced in
growing children. Defective enzymes in the
lysosomes do not break down these
macromolecules, which then accumulate in
cells. The result is a deterioration of cell
function. Use Internet resources to identify
three other lysosomal diseases. Prepare a brief
outline of each.

30.Many people who avoid eating beef or pork

because they contain fats will eat cold-water

fish (such as salmon or Arctic char), which

have high levels of lipids. Why are these fish

considered to be part of a healthy diet?

results in the formation of a chemical bond

between the oxygen of the alcohol and the

carbon of the carbonyl group. This new bond

creates the ring structure of the glucose

molecule. Glucose molecules constantly change

back and forth from the ring to the chain form.

To keep track of which carbons are involved,

each carbon in the chain is assigned a number.

With a partner, use a molecular model kit to

construct models of the two isomers of the

glucose molecule — chain and ring-shaped.

Refer to the diagrams to help you plan and

construct your models. Begin by constructing

two identical chain versions of the glucose

molecule. Make the appropriate changes to

one of the chain models to transform it into

the ring version.

Note that the carbon ring that forms the

backbone of the glucose molecule is not a flat

structure. Two of the carbons in the molecule

are either above or below the other four. This

will be apparent when you have completed

your models.

OH

OH

H

H

OH

H

HO

H

O

H

H 2 COH

O

CH

H

O

H

O

H

O

H

O

H

(^121)

2

3

3

(^454)

5

6

6

C

H

O

H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C H