aa-tRNA, 264
Abdominal aorta, 112
Abel, John Jacob, 169
Abiotic, 430
Acanthostega, 352
Accommodation, 154
Acetyl-CoA, 65
Acetylcholine, 151
Acid precipitation, 525, 528
Acidity, 21
Acids, 21
cellular pH, 22–23inv
pH scale, 22–23inv
strength of, 21
Acromegaly, 175
Action potential, 148
Activating enzymes, 264
Activation energy, 37
Activators, 48 , 274
Active sites, 42
Active transport, 57
Adaptation, 158 , 334 , 392 , 394ML,
420
behavioural, 396
changing function of, 395
complex, 393–394
cryptic coloration, 395
mimicry, 395
natural selection, 364, 393
physiological, 396
structural, 395
types of, 395–396
variation, 393
Adaptive radiation, 410
Addison’s disease, 186TL, 187
Adenine, 27, 219
guanine, 226
thymine, 221
Adenosine monophosphate. See
AMP
Adenosine triphosphate. SeeAT P
ADH, 144
Adrenal cortex, 185
Adrenal gland, 151, 168, 169, 184 ,
187
Adrenal medulla, 187
Adrenaline, 129, 169, 171, 185, 187
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH), 172, 174, 185
Adult onset diabetes, 123
Aerobic, 64
Aerobic cellular respiration, 64 , 69,
566
electron transport chain, 74–76
Krebs cycle, 71–74
photosynthesis, 93transition reaction, 70–72
Affiliation hormone, 176
Age pyramid, 496
building, 512TL
human population, 510
Age structure, 496
human population, 507
Agricultural Revolution, 504
Air pollution and changes in
species, 335
Alanine, 28
Alcohol fermentation, 79
Aldosterone, 185, 186
Alien invaders, 494–495
Alkalinity, 21
All-or-none principle, 147
Alleles, 365
frequency, 369
mutant, 378
Allergies, 130
Allergy, 127
Allopatric speciation, 406
Allosteric regulation, 48
enzyme, 47, 48
Allosteric site, 48
Alzheimer’s disease, 50, 241
American Museum of Natural
History, 414
Ames test, 290
Amino, 15
Amino acid attachment site, 264
Amino acids, 27, 112, 114, 147, 252
Amino-acyl tRNA, 264
AMP, 55, 172
Anabolic reactions, 81
Anabolic steroids, 196, 197
Anaerobic, 64
Anaerobic cellular respiration, 78
Analagous structures, 355
Anaphylactic shock, 129, 187, 188
Anatomy, comparative, 408–409inv
Ancestor, 420
Androgens, 187
Anion, 10, 147
Antagonistic hormones, 121 , 170
Antenna pigments, 86
Anthropogenic, 525
Antibiotics, 125
Antibody immunity, 126 , 127
Antibody-directed Enzyme Prodrug
Therapy (ADEPT), 52
Anticoagulant, 113
Anticodon, 264
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), 117,
172, 176
Antigens, 126 , 127, 187Antiparallel, 226
Anti-sense strand, 257
Apoptosis, 127
Aqueous humour, 154
Aquifers, 529
Archaeopteryx, 351
Arctic foxes, 272
Aristotle, 340
Arrhenius, Svante, 43
Arteriosclerosis, 186
Arthritis, 123
Artificial kidney, 113
Artificial selection, 337
Assortative mating, 382
Asthma, 127
Astigmatism, 156
Atomic mass, 7
Atomic number, 6
Atom, 6
ATP, 27
active transport, 57
advantages of, 58
cellular respiration, 64
coupled reactions, 55–57
hydrolysis, 56
industry, in, 57
medicine, in, 57
mitochondrion, 69–70
ATP synthase complex, 76
Autoimmune disorder, 123
Autonomic nervous system, 138
Autotrophic organisms, 440, 442
Autotrophs, 83
Avery, Oswald, 220
Axon, 140
neuron, 147B cells, 126, 127, 181
B lymphocytes. SeeB cells
Baby boom, 510
BAC, 298
BAC-to-BAC sequencing, 299
Bacteria, 125
Bacterial artificial chromosomes
(BAC), 298
Banting, Dr. Frederick, 121, 208
Bases, 21
cellular pH, 22–23inv
pH scale, 22–23inv
strength of, 21
Bauer, Dr. Carl, 83
Beadle, George, 241
Behavioural adaptations, 396
Behavioural isolation, 399
Benkman, Craig, 410
Best, Dr. Charles, 121, 208590 MHR • Index
Index
The page numbers in boldfacetype indicate the pages where the terms are defined. Terms that occur
in Investigations (inv), Thinking Labs (TL), and MiniLabs (ML) are also indicated.