96 MHR • Unit 1 Metabolic Processes
29.Mature human red blood cells do not have any
mitochondria, yet they live for weeks. Predict
which respiration processes red blood cells
most likely use. What metabolic products
would you expect to find in red blood cells
that would support your prediction?
30.Which type of molecule can act as a limiting
factor for reactions that take place within the
mitochondrion? Assume you have access to a
specific toxin that can bind with this molecule
and make it inactive. Predict how the toxin
would affect metabolic processes. What key
product (or absence of product) would support
your prediction?
31.Special centrifuges can be used to separate
various components found in mitochondria
and chloroplasts. The components separate in
a centrifuge tube. For each organelle, which
component is likely to be at the bottom of the
centrifuge tube (because it is the heaviest
component)? Assume that the process ofseparating these components has not disrupted
the enzyme structures involved in the different
metabolic reactions. Identify ways to verify
your answer.
32.During carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle, CO 2
combines with RuBP. Oxygen can also combine
with RuBP, and can prevent CO 2 from reacting.
If the ambient temperature is increased, will
this increase or reduce glucose production?
Make a data chart to indicate factors important
to consider when investigating this question.
33.Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.
Consider that the temperature in the
environment affects this process. Develop
a testable hypothesis that explores how
temperature affects photosynthesis.
34.Which process produces more thermal energy:
photosynthesis or respiration? Design an
experiment to explore this question.(b)Which molecules gain phosphate groups
in glycolysis I?
7.How is NADH formed during glycolysis?
8.List the key products of the transition reaction.
9.Where in the mitochondrion does the Krebs
Cycle take place?
10.Acetyl Co-A is produced by the transition
reaction. What happens to each part (acetyl
and Co-enzyme A)?
11.What is meant by the term decarboxylation?
12.List the key products of the Krebs cycle.
13.The Krebs cycle uses matter efficiently. How
is this useful to the cell?
14.Is the Krebs cycle an aerobic or anaerobic
process?
15.Which molecules dissolved in the matrix are
essential in the reactions in the Krebs cycle?
16.What are the roles of NADH and FADH 2 in the
mitochondrion?
17.What is chemiosmosis? Where does it take
place?- (a)Where is the high concentration of
hydrogen ions (H+) located in the
mitochondrion?
(b)How did the hydrogen ions get there?
19.Which product of the Krebs cycle has the most
energy? Explain.
20.What is the role of oxygen in aerobic
respiration?
21.If oxygen is not available for the electron
transport chain, how is the Krebs cycle
affected?
22.Pyruvate moves into a mitochondrion if
the concentration of pyruvate inside the
mitochondrion is lower than the concentration
outside. What conditions will prevent the net
movement of pyruvate into a mitochondrion?
23.Compare the net gain of ATP for glycolysis to
the net gain of ATP for fermentation. How is
fermentation more efficient for cells?
24.Muscle cells can switch to lactic acid
fermentation if oxygen levels are very low.
How is this useful to the body?
25.Where does the light-dependent reaction take
place?
26.What is photolysis and why is it important for
photosynthesis?
27.What is the product of the Calvin cycle?
28.The Calvin cycle is not very efficient. Explain
this statement.INQUIRY