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suggested (e.g. Ochoa and Jaffe, 1999), although an increase in diversity is

probably the most commonly accepted explanation. However, among

angiosperms, dioecious clades have fewer species than hermaphroditic

Niche Restriction and Mate Finding in Vertebrate Hosts 175

Fig. 9.2. Distribution of monogenean parasites on the gills ofScomber

australasicuson the coast of south-eastern Australia. P, pseudobranch; 1–4, gills

1 – 4; Ext., external gill filaments; Int., internal gill filaments; A, B, C, three species of

Kuhnia; D,Grubea australis; x,Pseudokuhnia minor. Note: all species ofKuhnia

andGrubeashare an identical male copulatory organ, whilePseudokuhniahas a

different copulatory organ (see Fig. 9.6). (From Rohde, 2001a.)