Parasite Virulence 303
P.
mexicanumP.
agamaeP.
giganteumP.
floridenseP.
azurophilumP.
‘red’Lizard host
Parasitaemia per 10,000 RBC
Modal
High
Mortality
In laboratory
Injuries
Age×prevalence
Survival in field
Behaviour
Foraging success
Male–male status
Percentage time social
Body colour
Showy trait
Symmetry
Haematology
% Immature RBC
RBC density
Haemoglobin in blood
Acid phosphatase in WBC
Number WBC
Physiology
Blood glucose
Blood testosterone
Blood corticosterone
Resting oxygen use
Maximal oxygen use
Spring speed
Stamina
Body temperature
Body condition
Reproduction
Clutch size
Sceloporus< 50–500
2500+300–600%
+10–18%
Negative
No effectNo effect
Reduced
ReducedAltered
Reduced+365%
No effect
−25%−10%
−36%
+225%
No effect
−38%
No effect
−20%
No effect−20%Agama85
119Nil
No effect+750%
No effect
−22%No effect
−11%
No effect
−15%
No effectNo effectAgama840
2317Nil
No effect+908%
No effectNo effect
−27%
No effectNo effectNo effectAnolis87
1130Nil
No effect
NegativeNo effect
No effectNo effect
No effect+142%No effect
No effect
No effectNo effect
No effectAnolisNil
No effect
NegativeNo effect
No effectNo effect
No effectNo effectNo effect
−45%
IncreasedNo effect
No effectAnolis22
2180Nil
No effect
NegativeNo effect
No effectNo effect
No effect+148–268%No effect
No effect
No effectNo effect
No effectMixed infection
−60 to−75%
Testis mass
Fat stored
−37%
−20 to 45%No effect
No effectNo effect
No effectRBC, red blood cells; WBC, white blood cells.
Table 14.1. Inventory of known costs to lizard hosts of infection by six species of malaria
parasite (Plasmodiumspecies). The various consequences of infection and the parasite–host
systems are described in the text. ‘Age×prevalence’ is the relationship between body size
(an indication of lizard age) and percentage of lizards infected at a site.