Cross-fertilization 171, 175, 177, 186,
192
Cruise forager 339–340
see alsoForaging, cruise
Cues
gustatory 71
indirect 47
long-distance 47
mechanosensory 47–48
odour 42, 46
tactile 71
visual 42, 46, 47
volatile 24, 25, 27
Cuora amboinensis 172
Curculio elephas 72
Curculionidae 65
Cytotoxic molecules 135, 142Dactylogyrus 187
Daphnia 293
D. pulex116, 119
Dascyllus aruanus 178
Dauer larvae 16, 117–119, 122
Deer 6
Deladenus siricidicola 16
Density-dependence 79, 80, 231
Deropristis inflata 9
Desiderata list 291, 292
Development
direct (homogonic) 111, 115,
117–119
indirect (heterogonic) 111,
114–115, 118–119
Diachasmimorpha longicaudatus
139
Diclidophopra merlangi 177
Dicrocoelium dendriticum247,
249–250, 342
Dinarmus basalis 80
Diplogaster coprophilia 16
Diplorhoptrum 319
Diplozoan nipponicum 185
Diptera 39, 129, 132, 134, 136, 142
Tachinidae 132, 135
Dirofilaria
D. immitis173, 265–266
D. repens 173
Dispersal 19, 22–23
Dispersal-stage production 200
Ditylenchus dipsaci91, 93Ditylenchus phyllobius 94
Diversity 6, 39
genetic 4
herbivoreseeInsect, herbivore
DNA
junk 231
non-coding 231
repetitive 231
selfish 231
Dolichoderus debilis 319
Dominance hierarchy 161
Dorcus parallelopipedus 16
Dorso-ventral asymmetry 91
Dorymyrmex 319
Dracunculus medinensis 224
Drosophila43, 49, 50, 136, 141, 188,
293
Drosophila melanogaster 188Echinostoma
E. caproni176, 178, 186
E. hortense 176
E. paraensei158, 159–160, 161,
176, 178, 184
E. trivolvis178, 184
Echinostomes 156, 158–163, 175–177,
178, 186, 205
Echo location 48
Ecosystem 18, 40
function 31
Eggs
dispersion among hosts 71
physical modification 71
Emergence 22–23
Empty niche 189, 192
Encapsulation 134–136, 138, 157, 159,
175
Encounter rate 26, 51
Endocrine physiology 138–139, 146
Entamoeba histolytica 283
Entobdella soleae176, 178, 343
Environmental cues 42
conspecific population density
117, 122
fatty acid 115
food availability 117, 122
gas 115
heat shock 115
sex determination 207, 216
temperature 115, 117, 119, 122Index 349