Organ Regeneration Based on Developmental Biology

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Ventral pancreas

Septum

transversum

Dorsal pancreas Midgut

Thyroid

Hindgut

Lung Liver

Ventral foregut endoderm

Fig. 12.1 Development of the primitive gut tube and the derivatives of the foregut. Primitive
gut gives rise to foregut, midgut, and hindgut endoderm. Foregut endodermal cells form multiple
tissues of various functions and shapes, including the thyroid gland, lung, liver, and pancreas

Hepatic specification Liver bud induction

Endothelial cells

Mesenchymal cells Hepatic specified
endoderm cells

Liver Morphogenesis

Fig. 12.2 Hepatic specification and liver bud induction in liver morphogenesis. Transverse
view of liver budding. Foregut endoderm specified to hepatic endodermal cells lined by immature
endothelial cells and surrounded by mesoderm of septum transversum (left). Hepatic-specified
endoderm cells migrate into septum transversum to form liver bud (right). Endothelial cells with
mesenchymal cells are required for liver budding

12 Liver Regeneration Using Cultured Liver Bud