HYPOTHESES ON LONGEVITY HORMESIS 15
Table 1.1. Longevity Hormesis Database
Stimulus
Species
(Gender)
Dose
(Route)
Concomitant
Toxicity? Reference(s)
Authenticated Data
Procaine rats
(male)
4 mg/kg
3 x weekly
(parenteral)
no 5,14, this chapter
Amosite asbestos3 rats
(female)
10,000 ppm
(diet)
yes 24
Amosite asbestos hamsters
(female)
10,000 ppm
(diet)
yes 24
Amosite asbestos hamsters
(male)
10,000 ppm
(diet)
yes 24
Dieldrin3 mice
(male)
1 ppm
(diet)
yes 24
Ethyl acrylate rats
(male)
75 ppm
(inhalation)
yes 24
Methylene chloride hamsters
(female)
500-3500 ppm
(inhalation)
no 24,25
Chloroform3 rats
(male)
1800 ppm
(water)
yes 24
Gamma radiation mice
(mixed)
0.11-8.8 rad/day
(whole body)
yes 25,33
Gamma radiation mice
(male)
0.11 rad/day
(whole body)
no 25
Gamma radiation chipmunks
(male &
female)
200-400 R
single-dose
(whole body)
yes 47
Hexachlorobenzene3 rats
(female)
0.32-40 ppm
(diet)
yes 25
DDT3 mice
(female)
2-250 ppm
(diet)
yes 25
DDT3 mice
(male)
2-250 ppm
(diet)
yes 25
Gompertz Plots Strongly Suggesting Longevity Hormesis
2-Mercaptoethanol mice
(male)
0.25% (w/w)
(diet)
no 76
Crowding conditions rats
(male)
6 vs 12 rats
per cage
no 77
X-radiation Drosophila
(male)
1-20 kR
(whole body)
yes 33,78
aVisual inspection of the Gompertz plots, while indicating consistency with the longevity
hormesis/toxicity model posited, leaves room for other interpretations. This is due to (1) a
weak longevity hormetic effect; (2) cancellation of the reverse effects of longevity hormesis
by irreversible toxicity; and/or (3) variability in the data.