7 The Inherent Normativity of Functions in Biology and
Technology 103
Maarten Franssen
8 Conceptual Conservatism: The Case of Normative Functions 127
Paul Sheldon Davies
9 Ecological Restoration: From Functional Descriptions
to Normative Prescriptions 147
Andrew Light
IV FUNCTIONS AND CLASSIFICATION 163
10 Being For: A Philosophical Hypothesis About the Structure
of Functional Knowledge 167
Giacomo Romano
11 Realism and Artifact Kinds 185
Marzia Soavi
12 A Device-Oriented Defi nition of Functions of Artifacts and
Its Perspectives 203
Yoshinobu Kitamura and Riichiro Mizoguchi
V EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES 223
13 The Open Border: Two Cases of Concept Transfer from
Organisms to Artifacts 227
Wybo Houkes
14 Innovation and Population 243
Tim Lewens
15 The Cost of Modularity 259
Ulrich Krohs
16 Technical Artifacts, Engineering Practice, and Emergence 277
Peter Kroes
Contributors 293
Index 295Contents vi