TABLE 3.7 GST nomenclature and tissue expression (Mannervik et al., 2005).Enzymesubunit
Class
Trivialnames
Tissue expression
Comments
GSTA1
Alpha
B1B1, GST2-
type 1,
e
Liver, intestine testis
o
kidney,
adrenal
>
pancreas
lung,
brain
>
heart
Inducible by oltipraz, sulforophane, and phenobarbital.GSTalpha comprises about 5% of liver
cytosolic proteins.
(^5) D
steroid isomerase
GSTA2
Alpha
B2B2, GST2-
type2,
g
Liver, pancreas, testis
kidney
adrenal
brain, lung, heart
Only 11 a.a. changes compared to GSTA1
GSTA3
Alpha
Lung, stomach, trachea, placenta
(^5) D
steroid isomerase
GSTA4
Alpha
All tissues, small intestine
spleen
GSTM1a
Mu
GST1-type 2,
m
Liver
testis
brain, adrenal, kidney,
pancreas
lung, heart
Polymorphic
about 40–60% of Caucasians
have a gene deletion (M1
0/
0).
GSTM1b
Mu
GST1-type 1,
Liver
testis
brain, adrenal, kidney,
pancreas
lung, heart
Allelic variation at codon 173 between (M1
A, M1
B)
GSTM2
Mu
GST4
Brain
testis
heart
pancreas
kidney
adrenal
lung, liver
84% identity with GSTM1-1 No polymorphisms identified
GSTM3
Mu
GST5
Testis
o
brain, lung Spleen
others
Polymorphism resulting in 3 bp deletion in
intron 6 that generate a YY1 response element
GSTM4
Mu
Liver, skeletal muscle
heart,brain
pancreas
GSTM5
Mu
Brain, testis, lung
GSTO1
Omega
Liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney
Monoethylarsonic acid, dehydroascorbic acid;
modulates Ca
2+
release by ryanodine receptors in
ER. Polymorphisms
"the risk of stroke and vascular
dementia. 20% homology to other GSTs
GSTO2
Omega
Testis
64% identity with GSTO1 Dehydroascorbic acid reductase
GSTP1
Pi
GST3,
p
Brain
lung, heart Testis
adrenal,
kidney, pancreas
liver
Large variations in expression. Highly
expressed in tumors Four variants
GSTS1
Sigma
S1-1
macrophages
Converts PGH
to PGD 2
2
GSTT1
Theta
f
Kidney, liver
small intestine
brain, spleen, testis, pancreas,
prostate
Null allele is 30–40% in Germans Partial
gene deletion in 15–25% other Caucasians.60% in Asians
GSTT2
Theta
Liver?
Truncation in C-terminal region: possibly a pseudogene
GSTZ1
Zeta
+four allelic
variants
liver
Activates dichloroacetic acid. Functions as maleylacetoacetate
isomerase. (tyrosine degradation)
74