Front Matter

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A process aimed at the production of very low saturate oil is based on selective

hydrolysis, catalyzed byG. candidumlipase B, of sunflower oil, containing 12 %

saturated fatty acids, to yield a fatty acid fraction containing>99 % unsaturated

fatty acids (Figure 7) (Diks and Lee, 1999). The unsaturated fatty acids are recov-

ered by evaporation and esterified to glycerol usingR. mieheilipase with constant

removal of the water formed by sparging with nitrogen under vacuum to produce

unsaturated triacylglycerols containing<1 % saturated fatty acids in a yield of

>95 %.

Selective hydrolysis of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) oil using a lipase fromR.

arrhizusleads to enrichment of petroselinic acid in the acylglycerols (Mbayhoudel

and Comeau, 1989). Separation of the fatty acids using an ion-exchange resin fol-

lowed by hydrolysis of the resulting acylglycerols by the lipase fromC. cylindracea

yields a fatty acid concentrate containing 96 % petroselinic acid.

Selective esterification of fatty acids of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) oil with

n-butanol, catalyzed by rape lipase leads to enrichment of petroselinic acid from

about 80 % in the starting material to>95 % in unesterified fatty acids (Jachma-

nia ́n and Mukherjee, 1996). Using the same biocatalyst, selective esterification with

n-butanol of fatty acids ofHydocarpus wightianaoil containing about 10 % gorlic

acid yields an unesterified fatty acid fraction containing almost 50 % gorlic acid

(Jachmania ́n and Mukherjee, 1996).

Hydroxy acids, e.g., lesquerolic (14-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic) and auricolic (14-

hydroxy-cis-11-cis-17-eicosadienoic) acid, have been selectively cleaved from les-

querella oil triacylglycerols by hydrolysis catalyzed by lipases fromR. arrhizus

(Hayes and Kleiman, 1992a,b) orR. miehei(Hayes and Kleiman, 1992b) yielding

fatty acid concentrates containing 85 % hydroxy acids.

Two polyunsaturated fatty acids with unusual structure, having acis-5-olefinic

bond, e.g., all-cis-5,11,14-octadecatrienoic and all-cis-5,11,14,17-octadecatetrae-

noic acid, have been enriched from fatty acids ofBiota orientalisseed oil via se-

lective esterification withn-butanol, catalyzed by lipase fromC. rugosa; thereby

the content of totalcis-5-polyunsaturated fatty acids is raised from 15 % in the start-

ing material to 73 % in the unesterified fatty acids (Lie Ken Jie and Syed Rahma-

tullah, 1995). Similarly, selective hydrolysis of theBiota orientalisseed oil, cata-

2.2 Fractionation of fatty acids and other lipids by lipase-catalyzed reactions 39

Figure 7. Scheme of kinetic resolution for the enrichment of oleic (OL) and linoleic (LINOL) acids via
selective hydrolysis of triacylglycerols, catalyzed by a lipase specific for fatty acids/acyl moieties having
acis-9 olefinic bond.

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