The Environmental Debate, Third Edition

Document 174: The National Congress of American Indians and Bill McKibben et al.

• Europe (1588) Document 6: Thomas Hariot on the Death of Indians from a Disease Brought from


• Document 7: William Bradford on Life in the Wilderness (1620, 1621)


• Document 8: Francis Bacon on Science and Technology (1629)
  
  
  • (1637, 1638, 1639, 1662) Document 9: Regulating the Herring Run in the Town of Plymouth
  
  
  • Rhode Island Colony (1639, 1646) Document 10: Predator Control and Game Hunting Regulation in
  
  
  • A. Town of Newport,
  
  
  • B. Town of Portsmouth,
  
  
  
  


• Document 11: Thomas Hobbes’s Social Contract Theory (1651)


• Document 12: Pollution in Plymouth Colony Harbor (1668)


• Document 13: William Penn Contracts to Set Aside Timbered Lands (1681)


• Document 14: John Locke on Property and Labor (1690)


• Document 15: John Ray on Gardens and Wilderness (1691)


• Document 16: Jonathan Edwards on God and Nature (1739)


• Document 17: Peter Kalm on Land Management (1753)


• Document 18: William Blackstone’s On the Rights of Things (1765-1769)


• Document 19: John Bartram on Reclaiming Florida’s Wetlands (1767)


• Part II Politicians, Naturalists, and Artists in the New Nation, 1776–1839


• Document 20: Thomas Jefferson on Agrarianism and Industrialization (1785, 1816)
  
  
  • A. From Notes on the State of Virginia,
  
  
  • B. To Benjamin Austin,
  
  
  
  


• Document 21: James Madison on Population and Property (1786, 1787/1788)
  
  
  • A. To Thomas Jefferson, June 19,
  
  
  • B. The Federalist, Number 10, 1787/1788
  
  
  
  


• Document 22: Philip Freneau’s Noble Savage (1788) Contents vii


• Document 23: William Bartram on the Human Impact on the Environment (1791)


• Document 24: Benjamin Rush on Saving the Sugar Maple (1791)


• Document 25: The Founding Fathers on the Care of the Land (1793, 1818)
  
  
  • A. Thomas Jefferson to George Washington, June 28,
  
  
  • B. Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Mann Rudolphe, July 28,
  
  
  • C. George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, n.d.
  
  
  • D. James Madison on Intelligent Husbandry,
  
  
  
  


• Document 26: Thomas Malthus’s Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)
  
  
  • A. Malthus’s Essay
  
  
  • B. James Madison to Edward Everett, November 26,
  
  
  
  


• Document 27: Meriwether Lewis on the Slaughter of Buffaloes (1804-1806)


• Document 28: Act Establishing the First Federal Forest Reserve (1817)


• Document 29: Act to Protect Useful Birds in Massachusetts (1818)
  
  
  • Unregulated Wilderness (1823) Document 30: James Fenimore Cooper Laments the Disappearance of
  
  
  
  


• Document 31: George Catlin’s Proposal for a National Park (1832)


• Document 32: Black Hawk on the Indians and the Land (1833)
  
  
  • Fish, Birds, and Quadrupeds (1833) Document 33: John James Audubon on the Senseless Destruction of
  
  
  
  


• Part III The Origins of Environmental Activism, 1840–1889


• Document 34: Thomas Cole’s Lament of the Forest (1841)


• Document 35: John James Audubon on the Decimation of the Bison Herds (1843)


• Document 36: Ralph Waldo Emerson on Nature (1844, 1884)
  
  
  • A. From Essay on Nature,
  
  
  • B. From The American Scholar,
  
  
  
  


• Document 37: William Cullen Bryant’s Proposal for a Great Municipal Park (1844) viii The Environmental Debate
  
  
  • Public Parks and Gardens (1848) Document 38: Andrew Jackson Downing Talks about
  
  
  
  


• Document 39: Swamp and Overflow Act (1850)
  
  
  • Sanitary Improvement (1850) Document 40: The Shattuck Report’s Recommendations for
  
  
  
  


• Document 41: Rebecca Harding Davis on Smoke and Soot in a Mill Town (1861)


• Document 42: Homestead Act (1862)


• Document 43: George Perkins Marsh’s Man and Nature (1864)


• Document 44: Henry David Thoreau on the Value of Living Things (1864)..................


• Document 45: Act Granting Yo-Semite Valley to California (1864)


• Document 46: The Citizens’ Association of New York on Sewage and Disease (1865)


• Document 47: John Muir on the Spirituality of Nature (1866)
  
  
  • Public (1866, 1872) Document 48: Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux on Creating Parks to Serve the
  
  
  • A. From a Report to the Commissioners of Prospect Park,
    
    
    • Department of Parks), B. From a Letter to H. G. Stebbins (president of the New York City
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • Other Animals (1871) Document 49: Charles Darwin on the Similarity between Humans and
  
  
  
  


• Document 50: Act Establishing Yellowstone National Park (1872)


• Document 51: Mining Act (1872)


• Document 52: Carl Schurz on the Need for Federal Forest Conservation (1877)


• Document 53: Henry George on Land Development (1879)


• Document 54: Act Establishing the Adirondack Forest Preserve Act (1885)...................
  
  
  • A. The Act
    
    
    • January 17, B. George Bird Grinnell’s Commentary on the Proposed Act,
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• Document 55: American Ornithologists’ Union’s Model Law (1886) Contents ix
  
  
  • Society Cause (1886) Document 56: George Bird Grinnell and Celia Thaxter on the Audubon
    
    
    • Society, February 11, A. George Bird Grinnell’s Proposal for the Formation of the Audubon
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • B. Celia Thaxter Attacks Bird-Wearing Women
  
  
  
  


• Document 57: Constitution of the Boone and Crockett Club (1887)


• Document 58: John Wesley Powell on the Lands of the Arid Regions (1890)
  
  
  • A. The Irrigable Lands
  
  
  • B. The Non-irrigible Lands
  
  
  
  


• Part IV The Roots of the Conservation Movement, 1890–1919


• Document 59: Forest Reserve Act (1891)


• Document 60: Frederick J. Turner on the Disappearance of the Frontier (1894)


• Document 61: Rivers and Harbors Act (1899)
  
  
  • and Land Reclamation (1901) Document 62: Theodore Roosevelt Addresses Congress on Forest Preservation
  
  
  
  


• Document 63: Reclamation Act (1902)


• Document 64: Upton Sinclair on the Adulteration of Processed Food (1906)


• Document 65: Ellen Swallow Richards on Sanitation and Human Ecology (1907)
  
  
  • Natural Resources (1907) Document 66: Theodore Roosevelt on the Conservation and Use of
  
  
  
  


• Document 67: Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., on the Smoke Nuisance (1908)
  
  
  • the Hetch Hetchy Valley (1908-1913) Document 68: John Muir, James Phelan, and the Battle over the Flooding of
  
  
  • B. James Phelan, Letter to Outlook
  
  
  • C. From John Muir’s The Yosemite,
  
  
  
  


• Document 69: Richard Ballinger on the Development of the West (1909) x The Environmental Debate
  
  
  • A. From a 1909 Interview with John L. Mathews
  
  
  • B. Address to the National Irrigation Congress, August 12,
  
  
  
  


• Document 70: Report of the National Conservation Commission (1909)


• Document 71: WJ McGee on Conservation (1909)


• Document 72: Jane Addams on Garbage (1910)


• Document 73: Gifford Pinchot on Conservation and the National Interest (1911).........


• Part V Rethinking Our Relationship to Nature, 1920–1959...............................................


• Document 74: Pennsylvania Coal Company v. Mahon et al. (1922)
  
  
  • A. The Case and the Court’s Ruling
  
  
  • B. Justice Louis Brandeis’s Dissenting Opinion
  
  
  
  


• Document 75: Village of Euclid et al. v. Ambler Realty Company (1926)


• Document 76: Henry Beston on the Human Relationship with Nature (1928)
  
  
  • America’s Forests (1930) Document 77: Franklin D. Roosevelt on the Destruction of
  
  
  
  


• Document 78: Stuart Chase on Waste in the Machine Age (1931)
  
  
  • Manufactured Products (1932) Document 79: Arthur Kallet and F. J. Schlink on the Dangers of
  
  
  • Other Living Things (1933) Document 80: Luther Standing Bear on Native Americans and the Rights of
  
  
  
  


• Document 81: Arthur Tansley on the Concept of the Ecosystem (1935)
  
  
  • Genetic Diversity (1936) Document 82: H. V. Harlan and M. L. Martini on the Loss of
  
  
  
  


• Document 83: Lewis Mumford on Regional Planning (1938)


• Document 84: John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939)


• Document 85: Marjory Stoneman Douglas on the Everglades (1947)


• Document 86: Roger Tory Peterson on Bird Population (1948) Contents xi


• Document 87: Fairfield Osborn on the Interrelatedness of All Living Things (1948)


• Document 88: Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethic (1949)
  
  
  • Growth and Resource Policy (1952) Document 89: Harry Truman’s Materials Policy Commission on Economic
  
  
  
  


• Document 90: Samuel H. Ordway, Jr., on Limits to Growth (1953)


• Document 91: J. Robert Oppenheimer on the Use of Science (1953)


• Document 92: Bernard Frank on Land Development and Water Availability (1955)


• Document 93: Clean Air Act (1955)
  
  
  • A. Congressional Findings and Declaration of Purpose
  
  
  • B. The Act
  
  
  
  


• Document 94: M. King Hubbert on Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy (1956)
  
  
  • Country Consume?” (1958) Document 95: John Kenneth Galbraith Asks, “How Much Should a
  
  
  
  


• Document 96: David Brower Demands Support for the Wilderness Act (1959)


• Part VI The Heyday of the Environmental Movement, 1960-1979


• Document 97: The Surgeon General’s Report on Environmental Health (1960)
  
  
  • Nature (1961) Document 98: Lorus J. Milne and Margery Milne on the Balance of
  
  
  
  


• Document 99: Murray Bookchin on the Synthetic Environment (1962)


• Document 100: Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962)


• Document 101: Stewart L. Udall on the Land Ethic (1963)


• Document 102: John F. Kennedy on the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)
  
  
  • Power Commission (1965) Document 103: Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal
  
  
  • Oppose the Keystone XL Pipeline (2011)
    
    
    • Opposing Keystone XL Pipeline A. National Congress of American Indians Resolution
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • B. Letter Calling for Civil Disobedience Against Keystone XL
  
  
  
  


• Document 175: Daniel Yergin on Global Energy Demand (2013)


• Document 176: Naomi Klein on Capitalism versus the Climate (2014)


• Document 177: Gil Gullickson on Agriculture and Climate Change (2014)


• Document 178: John R. Gillis on the Sand Crisis (2014)


• Document 179: Ben Minteer on Extinct Species and De-extinction


• Document 180: The Ecomodernist Manifesto (2015)
  
  
  • Climate Deception (2015) Document 181: The Union of Concerned Scientists Exposes
  
  
  
  


• Document 182: The EPA’S Clean Power Plan (2015)
  
  
  • Undrinkable Water (2016) Document 183: Richard Manning on Agriculture Policy and
  
  
  
  


• Document 184: Elizabeth Kolbert on Global Warming (2016)
  
  
  • Paris Accords (2017) Document 185: The G20 Responds to the U.S. Withdrawal from the
  
  
  
  


• Appendix I: Significant Dates in American Environmental History


• Appendix II: Major Conservation and Environmental Organizations


• Glossary


• Notes


• Further Readings


• Copyright Acknowledgments


• Index