The Environmental Debate, Third Edition

188 The Environmental Debate

[The schedule for implementation of vehi-
cle quotas (Table 1) shows the percentage of the
total vehicles sold each year that will be required
to meet the new standards and the level of pol-
lution reduction they will need to reach, as
measured by the grams per mile of nonmethane
organic gases released by the vehicles.]

B. Proposed Changes to the CARB
Vehicle Emission Standards, January
1996
Based on information gathered through [a
series of] public forums and [a] Battery [Tech-
nical Advisory] Panel, the staff [of CARB] is
proposing to amend the LEV regulations to
eliminate the percentage ZEV requirements for
model years 1998 through 2002. The ten per-
cent requirement for the 2003 model year would
remain unchanged. This modification would
allow auto manufacturers more time to develop
and demonstrate ZEVs powered by advanced
batteries and flexibility to determine the best
time to introduce this new technology to the
market. To encourage the early production of
advanced ZEVs, the staff is also proposing to
add a provision to allow multiple credits for

Table 1 Implementation Rates for Conventional Vehicles, TLEVs, LEVs, ULEVs, and ZEVs Used to
Calculate Fleet Average Standards for Passenger Cars

MODEL YEAR 0.39 0.25 TLEV

0.125

LEV

0.075

ULEV

0.04

ZEV*

0

FLEET AVG. STANDARD

1994 10% 80% 10% 0.250

1995 85% 15% 0.231

1996 80% 20% 0.225

1997 73% 25% 2% 0.202

1998 48% 48% 2% 2% 0.157

1999 23% 73% 2% 2% 0.113

2000 96% 2% 2% 0.073

2001 90% 5% 5% 0.070

2002 85% 10% 5% 0.068

2003 75% 15% 10% 0.062

*The percentage requirements for ZEV sare mandatory.

longer-range ZEVs produced prior to the 2003

model year. These ZEV credits could be applied

to a manufacturer’s 2003 and subsequent model

year requirements.

* * *

Under Title II of the Federal Clean Air Act

(FCAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency has promulgated comprehensive regu-

lations to control emissions from new motor

vehicles.... While both the federal and Califor-

nia automotive emissions standards are similar

in purpose and scope, California has adopted

standards that are generally more stringent

and effective in order to address the severity of

California’s air pollution problem.

Source: A. State of California Air Resources Board,

“Proposed Regulations for Low-emission Vehicles and

Clean Fuels,” State of California Air Resources

Boards staff report, August 13,1990, pp. 3, 4,

24. B. California Air Resources Board, “Notice
    of Public Hearing to Consider Amendments
    to the Zero-Emission Vehicle Requirements for
    Passenger Cars and Light-duty Trucks,” January
    30, 1996, p. 2.