. Karl G. Lorenz, ‘‘The Natchez of Southwest Mississippi,’’ in McEwan,Indians of
the Greater Southeast,–.
. On the cultural metaphoric pairing of darkness and light in ancient forests, see
the essential Robert Pogue Harrison,Forests: The Shadow of Civilization(Chicago: Uni-
versity of Chicago Press, ), esp. –; on fire in native and Euro-America, see Ste-
phen Pyne,Fire in America: A Cultural History of Wildland and Rural Fire(Princeton:
Princeton University Press, ).
. A useful introduction (with extensive bibliography) of Amerindian cultural sys-
tems is Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green,The Columbia Guide to American Indi-
ans of the Southeast(New York: Columbia University Press, ), esp. –, –
passim.
. Unless noted otherwise, this discussion of agriculture is derived from the geog-
rapher William E. Doolittle’s authoritativeCultivated Landscapes of Native North Amer-
ica(New York: Oxford University Press, ). North America here means the present
United States and Canada, although Doolittle necessarily ventures often into northern
Mexico. On crop fields, see esp. , , –; on gardens, –; on swiddens, –
; and on protection, encouragement, and cultivation, –.
. On Euro-southerners’ agronomy, its chemistry, and similarity to native method,
see Jack Temple Kirby,Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society(Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press, ), esp. –. An eccentric essay on the garden
model of native agriculture that goes so far as to suggest that native aesthetic wiring
must have been different from Europeans’ is Kirby, ‘‘Designs Necessary and Sublime:
Aesthetic Meditations on Agriculture,’’Harvard Design Magazine (Winter/Spring
): –. The essay was composed and published shortly before Doolittle’sCulti-
vated Landscapesappeared.
. Doolittle,Cultivated Landscapes,.
. Ibid., . Doolittle does not name the Guale, but see Rebecca Saunders, ‘‘The
Guale Indians of the Lower Atlantic Coast,’’ in McEwan,Indians of the Greater South-
east, –, esp. –, in which Saunders tilts toward characterizing the Guale as
shifting farms and houses, opposing another scholar (Grant D. Jones) who argues for
permanent-field agriculture.
. See Kirby,Poquosin, –.
. On protection/encouragement/cultivation of sunflowers and many other small
herbaceous plants (goosefoot, sumpweed, ragweed, et al.), grapes and other fruits, and
nut trees, see Doolittle,Cultivated Landscapes,–.
. Francis Harper, ed.,The Travels of William Bartram, Naturalist’s Edition(;
Athens: University of Georgia Press, ), .
. Ibid., .
. Mark Derr, ‘‘Network of Waterways Traced to Ancient Florida Culture,’’New York
Times(Science Times NE), July . The report of the investigating scholars, Robert
Carr, Jorge Zamanillo, and Jim Pepe, appeared inFlorida Anthropologist, March .
–