Kaufmann, S.H. and Hengartner, M.O. (2001) Programmed cell death: alive and well in the
new millennium. Trends Cell Biol. 11:526–534.
Kawahara, A., Ohsawa, Y., Matsumura, H., Uchiyama, Y. and Nagata, S. (1998) Caspase-
independent cell killing by Fas-associated protein with death domain. J.Cell Biol. 143:
1353–1360.
Kawai, T., Matsumoto, M., Takeda, K., Sanjo, H. and Akira, S. (1998) ZIP kinase, a novel
serine/threonine kinase which mediates apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 1642–1651.
Kawai-Yamada, M., Jin, L., Yoshinaga, K., Hirata, A. and Uchimiya, H. (2001) Mammalian
Bax-induced plant cell death can be down-regulated by overexpression of Arabidopsis Bax
Inhibitor-1 (AtBI-1) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:12295–12300.
Kayagaki, N., Yamaguchi, N., Nakayama, M., Eto, H., Okumura, K. and Yagita, H. (1999)
Type I interferons (IFNs) regulate tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing
ligand (TRAIL) expression on human T cells: A novel mechanism for the antitumor
effects of type I IFNs. J.Exp.Med. 189:1451–1460.
Kelekar, A., Chang, B.S., Harlan, J.E., Fesik, S.W. and Thompson, C.B. (1997) Bad is a
BH3 domain-containing protein that forms an inactivating dimer with Bcl-XL. Mol. Cell.
Biol. 17:7040-7046.
Kelekar, A. and Thompson, C.B. (1998) Bcl-2-family proteins: the role of the BH3 domain
in apoptosis. Trends Cell Biol. 8:324-330.
Kelliher, M.A., Grimm, S., Ishida, Y., Kuo, F., Stanger, B.Z. and Leder, P. (1998) The death
domain kinase RIP mediates the TNF-induced NF-kappaB signal. Immunity 8:297-303.
Kerr, J.F.R., Winterford, C.M. and Harmon, B.V. (1994) Apoptosis. Its significance in cancer
and cancer therapy. Cancer 73:2013-2026.
Kerr, J.F.R., Wyllie, A.H. and Currie, A.R. (1972) Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon
with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br. J. Cancer. 26:239-257.
Khaled, A.R., Kim, K., Hofmeister, R., Muegge, K., Durum, S.K., Chou, J.J., Li, H.,
Salvesen, G.S., Yuan, J. and Wagner, G. (1999) Withdrawal of IL-7 induces Bax
translocation from cytosol to mitochondria through a rise in intracellular pH. Proc. Natl
Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96:14476-14481.
Khare, S.D., Sarosi, I., Xia, X.Z., et al. (2000) Severe B cell hyperplasia and autoimmune
disease in TALL-1 transgenic mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97: 3370-3375.
Khoshnan, A., Tindell, C., Laux, I., Bae, D., Bennett, B. and Nel, A.E. (2000) The NF-kappa
B cascade is important in Bcl-xL expression and for the anti-apoptotic effects of the CD28
receptor in primary human CD4+ lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 165:1743-1754.
Khwaja, A. and Tatton, L. (1999) Resistance to the cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor
alpha can be overcome by inhibition of a FADD/caspase-dependent signaling pathway.
J. Biol. Chem. 274:36817-36823.
Kim, K., Fisher, M.J., Xu, S.Q. and el Deiry, W.S. (2000) Molecular determinants of response
to TRAIL in killing of normal and cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 6: 335-346.
Kim, K.M., Adachi, T., Nielsen, P.J., Terashima, M., Lamers, M.C., Kohler, G. and Reth,
M. (1994) Two new proteins preferentially associated with membrane immunoglobulin
D. EMBO J. 13:3793-3800.
Kim, K.M., Giedt, C.D., Basañez, G., et al. (2001) Biophysical characterization of
recombinant human Bcl-2 and its interactions with an inhibitory ligand, antimycin A.
Biochemistry 40:4911-4922.
Kim, T.H., Zhao, Y., Barber, M.J., Kuharsky, D.K. and Yin, X.M. (2000) Bid-induced
cytochrome c release is mediated by a pathway independent of mitochondrial permeability
transition pore and Bax. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 39474-39481.
262 GENETICS OF APOPTOSIS