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females have the experience of motherhood. In mothers, the reduced density of
dendritic spines is likely involved with less avoidance behavior toward pups
and for other adaptive skills developed for the new demands from the
environment, for nursing behavior and memory elaboration about this life
event. These data provide additional insights about the important role of the rat
MePD as a model for the study of the link between sex steroids, the cellular
specializations for synaptic processing, and the functional organization of the
nervous tissue in females.
Chapter 7 - In the present work, the bioassay-guided fractionation strategy
associated with ethnopharmacological information has been used. Thus,
various plants belonging to the Scabiosa genus (Dipsacaceae) are used to treat
skin diseases. In this study, the cytotoxic effect and the antiviral activity of
Scabiosa arenaria Forssk. extracts were investigated against coxsackievirus
B 3 (CVB3) in Vero cells. The cell viability was carried out using 3-(4, 5-
dimetylthiazol- 2 - yl)-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The best
antiviral activity was shown with the roots ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) (IC 50
= 722.22 ± 0.15 μg/mL and Selectivity index (SI) = 5.53). Its further
fractionation yielded 4 subfractions. The most potent anti-coxsackievirus B 3
activity was obtained for SR1 and SR4 subfractions with SI of 6.45 and 5.73,
respectively. Chemical analysis of these subfractions revealed the presence of
flavonoids and phenolic acid, which could be attributed to this biological
activity. The good anti-coxsackievirus B 3 of ethyl acetate roots of S.arenaria
support the traditional use of many species of Scabiosa genus in the treatment
of skin diseases of viral origin.
Chapter 8 - Congenital upper limb anomalies (CULA) are a relatively
common finding at birth. Recent advancements in developmental biology and
clinical genetics have provided new insights into the mechanisms of limb
formation and malformation. Depending on the aberration, it may be isolated
or affect disparate groups of cells thereby affecting other organ systems. The
etiologies of CULA are diverse and disorder-specific, but potential
contributors include genetic, mechanical, and a variety of environmental
factors. Careful examination, both prenatally and postnatally, is key to early
identification and management. Progress has been made recently to improve
the classification/diagnosis of CULA using language that is inclusive of both
basic and clinical sciences. In this review, the authors incorporate a similar
approach in providing a comprehensive overview of CULA combining
information regarding the molecular landscape of limb development with the
growing database of clinical genetics. The authors will also highlight recent
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