Endophytic Fungi: Diversity, Characterization and Biocontrol

Endophytic Fungi Are Multifunctional Biosynthesizers 43

(Suryanarayanan et al., 2000 ; Mohali et al., 2005 and Šraj-Kržič et al., 2006).
Additionally, they isolated from various habitats such as xeric environments,
mesic temperature, and extreme arctic and tropical forests. Endophytic fungi
were found in hepatics and mosses (Mohali et al., 2005). Moreover, a lot of
them wrer found in gymnosperms and angiosperms including tropical palms
and the estuarine plants Spartina alterniflora, Salicornia perennis and Suada
fruticosa (Fröhlich and Hyde, 2000 and Hyde et al., 2000). Furthermore, they
exist in ferns and fern allies and broad-leaved trees (Amatangelo and Vitousek,
2 008) as illustrated in Table 1.

Table 1. Examples of endophytic mycobiota in various host

plants worldwide

Host Tissue or

organ

No. of

species

Location References

Abies alba Branch 44 Germany,Poland Kowalski and Kehr,

(1992)

A. rubra Leaves bases 25 British,

Columbia

Sieber et al., (1991)

Betula pendula Branch bases 23 Poland Germany, Kowalski and Kehr,

(1992)

Cuscuta reflexa Stems 45 India Suryanarayanan et al.,

(2000)

Euterpe

oleracea

Leaves 62 Brazil Rodrigues, (1994)

Heisteria

concinna

Leaves 242 Panama Arnold et al., (2000)

Licuala ramsayi Leaves 11 Australia Rodrigues and

Samuels, (1992)

Musa

acuminata

leaves 24 Hong Kong Brown et al., (1998)

Ouratea lucens Leaves 259 Panama Arnold et al., (2000)

P. mariana Roots 97 Ontario Summerbell, (1989)

Quercus ilex Twigs,

Leaves

149 Spain Collado et al., (2000)

Salicornia

perennis

Stems 31 United Kingdom Petrini and Fisher,

(1986)

Tilia cordata Leaves 17 Germany Pehl and Butin, (1994)

Vitis vinifera Leaves,

Stems

46 South Africa Mostert et al., (2000)

Zea mays Leaves,

Stems

23 United Kingdom Fisher et al., (1992)