Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

527

Interactions

Integumentary System

• The skin serves as first line of
  defense against invasion by
  pathogens (p. 494)


• Dendritic cells in the epidermis and
  macrophages in the dermis present
  antigens that trigger the immune
  response (p. 510)


• Mast cells contribute to
  inflammation (p. 500)

Skeletal System

• Hematopoiesis, including formation
  of leukocytes involved in immunity,
  occurs in the bone marrow (p. 409)


• The immune system protects all
  systems, including the skeletal
  system, against infection (p. 494)

Muscular System

• Cardiac muscle in the heart pumps
  blood to the body organs, including
  those of the immune system
  (p. 418)


• The smooth muscle of blood
  vessels helps regulate blood flow to
  areas of infection (p. 501)

Nervous System

• Neural regulation of the pituitary
  and adrenal glands indirectly
  influences activity of the immune
  system (p. 514)


• Nerves regulate blood flow to most
  organs, including the lymphatic
  organs (p. 466)

Endocrine System

• The pituitary and adrenal glands
  influence immune function (p. 340)


• The thymus regulates the production
  of T lymphocytes (p. 499)

Circulatory System

• The circulatory system transports
  neutrophils, monocytes, and
  lymphocytes to infected areas
  (p. 405)


• Hematopoiesis generates the cells
  required for the immune response
  (p. 409)

Respiratory System

• The lungs provide oxygen for
  transport by the blood and
  eliminate carbon dioxide from the
  blood (p. 533)

Urinary System

• The kidneys regulate the volume,
  pH, and electrolyte balance of the
  blood and eliminate wastes (p. 582)


• The immune system protects
  against infection of the urinary
  system (p. 494)

Digestive System

• The GI tract provides nutrients for
  all body cells, including those of the
  immune system (p. 620)


• Stomach acid serves as a barrier to
  pathogens (p. 494)
  
  
  • Areas of the GI tract contain
    numerous lymphocytes and
    lymphatic nodules (p. 634)
  
  
  
  

Reproductive System

• The blood-testes barrier prevents
  sperm cell antigens from provoking
  an autoimmune response (p. 716)


• Vaginal acidity inhibits the spread
  of pathogens (p. 494)


• The placenta is an immunologically
  privileged site that is normally
  protected from immune attack (p. 741)


• A mother’s breast milk provides
  antibodies that passively immunize
  her baby (p. 748)

HPer Links of the Immune System with Other Body Systems