Index I-15oxidized (methemoglobin), 560
oxygen transport and, 559–565
partial pressure of oxygen and, 550, 561–562,
562 f, 562 t
recycling of, 408
red blood cell production and, 572–573
reduced (deoxyhemoglobin), 559
structure of, 43, 559, 560f
unloading reactions and, 561
Hemoglobin A, 563
Hemoglobin A1c, 684
Hemoglobin F, 563
Hemoglobin S, 564
Hemolysis, 140
Hemolytic disease, 414
Hemophilia A, 417
Hemophilia B, 417
Hemopoiesis. See Hematopoiesis
Hemorrhagic stroke, 200, 440
Hemostasis, 414. See also Blood clot/clotting
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, 568
Henle, loop of, 586, 592–593, 593f
Henry’s law, 548
Heparin, 418, 501
Hepatic arteries, 637
Hepatic conjugation, 641
Hepatic ducts, 637–638, 641, 642f
Hepatic plates, 636
Hepatic porphyria, 641
Hepatic portal system, 636
Hepatic portal vein, 636, 637f
Hepatitis, 55, 123, 497, 523
Hepatocytes, 636
Hepcidin, 412
Herceptin (trastuzumab), 325, 518, 520
Hering-Breuer reflex, 558
Hermaphroditism, 706
HER2/neu receptor, 325
Heroin, 229
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), 497
Hertz (Hz), 283
Heterochromatin, 64
Heterodimers, 325
Hexane, 31f
Hexose sugars, 33, 34f
Hiatal hernia, 627
High affinity receptors, 323
High-altitude cerebral edema, 572
High-altitude pulmonary edema, 572
High blood pressure, 440, 482–484, 483t, 485 t
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs), 438, 654
Higher motor neurons. See Upper motor neurons
High-fructose corn syrup, 120
Hindbrain, 207, 208, 208f, 230–231
Hippocampus
in emotion, 219
in memory, 199, 220–224
in olfaction, 278
in production of neurons, 209, 223
Hippocrates, 519
Histamine
in allergy/hypersensitivity reaction, 524, 524f,
525, 545
blood flow and, 467t, 507
in complement system, 507
in gastritis, 628
in gastrointestinal regulation, 625, 626, 646
inflammation and, 501, 501f
itch sensation and, 271
as neurotransmitter, 191, 196tH chains, 504, 505f
HCN channels, 425, 426
HDLs (high-density lipoproteins), 438, 654
Head, of spermatozoa, 717
Headaches, treatment of, 192
Hearing. See also Ears
impairments in, 283, 289–290
lateral inhibition in, 273
neural pathways for, 288–289, 288f
outer ear in, 283
Hearing aids, 289
Heart. See also Cardiac muscles
adrenergic regulation of, 252–255, 254t
aerobic requirements of, 468–469
arrhythmias, 397, 426, 440–442, 440f, 442 f
atrioventricular and semilunar valves,
419–420, 420f
autonomic regulation of, 245, 252–256, 258,
451–455
blood flow to, 468–470, 469f
cardiac cycle, 422–424, 423–424f
cardiac output, 451–455, 451f, 453–455f
cholinergic regulation of, 256, 257t
conducting tissues of, 427, 427f
contraction of, 453–454, 454f
electrical activity of, 425–428
electrocardiogram and, 424, 428–430, 429–431f, 430 t
endocrine functions of, 318t
energy sources for, 123, 125t
Frank–Starling law of, 453, 453f, 454
pulmonary and system circulation, 418–419,
419 f, 419 t
pumping action and rate of, 405–406
sounds, 420–421, 421f
structure and functions of, 405–406, 418
valves of, 419–420, 419–420f
Heart attack. See Myocardial infarction (MI)
Heartburn, 624
Heart disease, 322, 380, 436–440
Heart failure, 486, 607
Heat
chemical reactions and, 89, 92, 92f
inflammation and, 502
measurement of, 98
receptors for, 270
Heat shock proteins, 325
Helicobacter pylori, 628
Helicotrema, 285
Helle (H) bands, 365
Helminth parasites, 523
Helper T lymphocytes, 508, 509, 511–512, 511–513f
Hematocrit, 406
Hematopoiesis, 409–412
Hematopoietic stem cells, 64, 409, 411
Hemes, 408, 559, 638, 641
Hemichannels, 181
Hemiplegia, 391t
Hemispheres, cerebral, 209, 210f, 216–217, 217f
Hemodialysis, 134, 613
Hemoglobin
abnormal levels of, 560
adult, 563
affinity for oxygen, 572
altitude and, 571–573, 573t
bilirubin produced from, 638–639, 639f
carbon dioxide transport and, 565–567, 566f
composition of, 559
fetal, 563
inherited defects in structure and function of, 564
loading reactions and, 561Granulocyte-monocyte colonystimulating factor
(GM-CSF), 411
Granulosa cells, 349, 725
Granzymes, 507–508
Graves’ disease, 344, 344f, 521, 522, 522t
Gray matter, 169, 208–209, 232
Gray rami communicantes, 246
Green cones, 303, 303f
“Gristle.” See Cartilage
Ground substance, 16, 132
Growth factors, 329–330, 350. See also specific
growth factors
Growth hormone (GH)
actions of, 332, 332t
body growth and, 687–690
disorders in, 332, 689–690
in metabolic regulation, 675f, 676, 677f,
687–690, 688f
normal range in blood, 407t
recombinant, 690
secretion of, 332t, 334 f, 335, 687–688
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), 335
GSR (galvanic skin response), 261
GTP (guanosine triphosphate), 112, 155, 187
Guanine, 45, 45f, 63
Guanosine diphosphate (GDP), 155, 187
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP), 112, 155, 187
Guanylate cyclase, 720
Guanylin, 648
Guarding reflex, 584
Guillain-Barre syndrome, 168
Guillemin, Roger, 5t
Gustation. See Taste
Gustatory cortex, primary, 275
Gustducins, 276
Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), 634
Gynecomastia, 322
Gyrus
angular, 218
cingulate, 212, 219
postcentral, 210–211, 271
precentral, 210–211, 233H
Hageman factor, 416t
Hair, pubic, 711, 711t
Hair bulb, 19f
Hair cells, 279–280, 280–281f, 281, 286–287
Hair follicles, 18, 20, 20f
Hairy cell leukemia, 497
Hales, Stephen, 479
Half-life, of hormones, 321
Half-sites, of hormone response element, 324
Hallucinogens, 192
Handedness, 217
Hanson, Jean, 5t
Haploid cells, 703
Haptenization, 526
Haptens, 498
Harvey, William, 5
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 522, 522t
Haustra, 633
Haversian systems, 17
Hawking, Steven, 385
Hay fever, 524
H bands, 365
HBOT (hyperbaric oxygen therapy), 553
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), 349fox36375_idx_I1-I36.indd 15fox36375_idx_I1-I36.indd 15 2/4/15 10:31 AM2/4/15 10:31 AM