AMPK Methods and Protocols

(Rick Simeone) #1

  1. We use zinc fixative from BD Biosciences (BD 550523). Alter-
    natively, it can be prepared by adding 0.5 g/L calcium acetate,
    5.0 g/L zinc acetate, and 5.0 g/L zinc chloride to 0.1 M Tris
    buffer, pH 7.4.

  2. Use serum from the same species as the secondary antibody
    source.

  3. BSA-c is a 10% (w/v) solution of acetylated BSA, which pre-
    vents charge-based background by blocking polycationic sites
    of specimen.

  4. We obtain good results with the polyclonal anti-CD31 anti-
    body from Acris (AP06560PU-N).

  5. We use an Alexa-Fluor 488-labelled goat anti-rabbit secondary
    antibody.

  6. Prepare pooled cell suspension for each experimental condition
    (i.e., siRNA treatment).

  7. Suspend cells in 1 mL of growth medium before adding the
    remaining 4 mL.

  8. Embed approximately 20–30 spheroids per well of a 24-well
    cell culture plate. Calculate for 30–40 spheroids since losses
    occur during washing procedures. Higher numbers of spher-
    oids per well may limit space for individual sprouting and lead
    to fusion of adjacent sprouts. Run positive (treatment with
    basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)) and negative controls
    (no treatment).

  9. To prepare 96 spheroids in a 96-well plate, mix 8 mL of cell
    suspension with a concentration of 37,500 cells/mL and 2 mL
    methylcellulose.

  10. Check spheroids under the microscope before harvesting.
    Instability may be related to poorly dissolved methylcellulose.

  11. Use pipette tips with a sufficiently wide diameter at the end to
    avoid damaging spheroids due to shear stress.

  12. Do not pool spheroids from more than three 96-well plates to
    restrict shear stress during future pipetting.

  13. Dilution of thrombin is preferentially done during the last
    centrifugation of spheroids.

  14. Add thrombin as a drop in the middle of each well. Thrombin
    will convert the subsequently added fibrinogen into a solid
    fibrin gel.

  15. Mix gently to obtain homogeneous fibrin formation. Avoid the
    formation of air bubbles. Control each well under the micro-
    scope for the number of spheroids and equal distribution. If
    required, prepare additional wells from the residual spheroid
    suspension.


534 Katrin Spengler et al.

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